During neural development, even in seemingly homogeneous cell populations, individual neurons acquire diverse morphology and behavior, and even adjacent neurons can establish synaptic connections with distinct targets. Although diversity among individual neurons is essential for a functional nervous system, the underlying molecular mechanism of establishing heterogeneity in a population of neur...

Isochronous cueing is widely used in gait rehabilitation even though it alters the stride-time dynamics toward anti-persistent rather than the persistent, fractal fluctuations characteristic of human walking. In the present experiment we tested an alternative cueing method: pacing by a human. To this end, we formed sixteen pairs of walkers based on their preferred stride frequency. Each pair co...

The recent emergence of e-government and online social media offers opportunities for governments to meet the demands and expectations of citizens, to provide value-added services and overcome barriers of reduced public budgets. Twitter is the most popular microblogging platform that can facilitate interaction and engagement. It is widely used by government agencies, public affairs practitioner...

Social media can be viewed as a social system where the currency is attention. People post content and interact with others to attract attention and gain new followers. In this paper, we examine the distribution of attention across a large sample of users of a popular social media site Twitter. Through empirical analysis of these data we conclude that attention is very unequally distributed: th...

We examined lexical choice and variability in referring expressions during direction-giving to pedestrians. The Walking Around Corpus comprises an experimentally parameterized collection of spontaneous spoken dialogues produced by 36 pairs of people communicating by mobile telephone; it provides both a testbed for lexical entrainment “in the wild” as well as a resource for pedestrian navigation...

During a tandem run, a single leading ant recruits a single follower to an important resource such as a new nest. To examine this process, we used a motorized gantry, which has not previously been used in ant studies, to track tandem running ants accurately in a large arena and we compared their performance in the presence of different types of landmark. We interrupted tandem runs by taking awa...

This paper proposes a dynamic Stackelberg repeated game for decentralized Device-to-Device (D2D) communications overlaying cellular communications. The proposed game aims to jointly optimize D2D user behavior via a user-in-the-loop (UIL) approach; and minimize transmit power, while maximizing packet delivery ratio (PDR) for all D2D users. The Stackelberg game architecture consists of a single l...

What form of intellectual property rights (IPR) policy contributes to economic growth? Should a company with a large technology lead receive the same IPR protection as a company with a more limited advantage? Should followers be able to license the products of technology leaders? We develop a general equilibrium framework to investigate these questions. The economy consists of many industries a...

In this paper we investigate the role of the academic status in the following behaviour of computer scientists on Twitter. Based on a uses and grati cations perspective, we focus on the activity of a Twitter account and the reciprocity of following relationships. We propose that the account activity addresses the users' information motive only, whereas the user's academic status relates to both...

Within the framework of any bilevel decision problem, a leader’s decision is influenced by the reaction of his or her follower. When multiple followers who may have had a share in decision variables, objectives and constraints are involved in a bilevel decision problem, the leader’s decision will be affected, not only by the reactions of these followers, but also by the relationships among thes...