this study examines the educational ideas of zoroastrianism based on gathas. for achieving this purpose, the conclusion method has been used; firstly, zoroaster has been introduced then the philosophical foundations of the religion have been formulized in the form of ideal human being and his/her features. finally, the implications of these foundations are presented in the form of educational c...

I consider the interaction of trade and environmental policies in two canonical models: competitive general equilibrium (which I extend to allow for monopoly power in trade) and multi-period oligopoly (which I extend to incorporate a general pollution abatement technology). Despite the complexities of the models and the considerable differences between them, they have surprisingly similar impli...

BACKGROUND A conflict of interest (CoI) can occur between public duty and private interest, in which a public official's private-capacity interest could improperly influence the performance of their official duties and responsibilities. The most tangible and commonly considered CoI are financial. However, CoI can also arise due to other types of influence including interpersonal relationships, ...

Previous work in monetary policy futures markets under a single policy goal have shown this approach to be effective at eliminating the circularity problem inherent with private-sector targeting strategies. We extend this monetary policy setting framework to a typical multiple goal policy objective: inflation and output stabilization. We also demonstrate how the prices in policy futures markets...

as an assessment method of the water resources, water poverty index (wpi) has become an available tool in water resources management. in particular, agricultural water poverty index (awpi) is an assessment tool for agricultural water in rural areas. during the past decades, mahidasht basin in kermanshah province has been declared by water policy makers as “forbidden” basin in terms of water exp...

The opinions expressed here are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the Reserve Bank of Australia. We are indebted to a number of colleagues for helpful discussion, particularly Palle Andersen, David Gruen, Philip Lowe and Jenny Wilkinson. We also thank John Simon for excellent assistance with computing.

Three decades ago, the world's ministries of health declared primary health care--the delivery of basic preventive and curative services--a top priority. Since then, however, the world's poorest countries have not met most primary health care goals. Twenty-six years after the Declaration of Alma Ata, we are said to be living in a time of "limited resources," a phrase that construes various heal...