It is important to assure that antimicrobial interventions applied on/into foods to control pathogenic microorganisms are functioning properly and achieving the desired goal of preventing, reducing and/or eliminating microbial hazards associated with a defined food product. This approach is necessary both to ensure that antimicrobial interventions are having the desired positive effect on food ...

105 lbs. The average weight of the inhabitants of Sind and the Punjaub is undoubtedly much higher than this ; again, if we consult the works of Parkes, Letheby, Church, and other authorities on dietetics, we find that in estimating the food requirements of Europeans, these authorities adopt 150 lbs. as representing their average weight. Now it is clear that if the proposition is true, it follow...

Traceability is a tool to help countries meet their objectives of controlling, preventing and eradicating animal diseases. This article sets out the required steps in a traceability system. Before designing a system of traceability, one must identify the different characteristics that need to be traced throughout the various steps in the food production chain. The interaction between different ...

Paul Bishop,1 Dan Penny,2, Miriam Stark,3 and Marian Scott4 1Department of Geography and Topographic Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom 2School of Geography and Environmental Science, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3008, Australia 3Department of Anthropology, 2424 Maile Way, Saunders 346, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 4Department of Statistics, Univ...

This paper examines competitive conditions and market structure in the banking industry, and investigates their interrelationship. Competition is measured using the non-structural Panzar-Rosse model, which assesses the elasticities of interest revenues with respect to changes in banks’ input prices. In order to distinguish competitive behaviour on local, national and international markets, for ...

The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) collectively comprise a machinery that was first known for its function in the degradation of transmembrane proteins in the endocytic pathway of eukaryotic cells. Since their discovery, however, ESCRTs have been recognized as playing important roles at the plasma membrane, which appears to be the original site of function for the E...

Ubiquitylated developmental membrane signaling proteins are often internalized for endocytic trafficking, through which endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) act sequentially to deliver internalized cargos to lysosomes. The ESCRT function in endocytic sorting is well established; however, it is not fully understood how the sorting machinery itself is regulated. Here, we sho...