The transient behavior of a virtual bowed string is measured under different conditions of bow-force and bowvelocity onset. The results are compared with the constant-force, constant-velocity case, and with published physical measurements made using a bowing machine. Issues related to “playability” of virtual bowed-string instruments are discussed.

In this lecture we will discuss mathematical aspects of the NavierStokes equations. We will recall some of the important open problems and mention a few recent results. Consider a ball of radius R moving in an incompressible fluid of constant density ρ at constant velocity U . We expect that a force F is needed to keep the ball in motion (to overcome the “resistance of the medium”). The force i...

Here, • m > 0 is the mass. • k > 0 is the spring constant and the spring force −ku(t) is modeled to be proportional to u(t) (i.e. Hooke’s law). The minus sign shows that it is always a restoring force which pulls the mass back towards the equilibrium. • γ ≥ 0 is the damping constant. The damping force may come from the medium (e.g. air, water, or honey), the spring or other sources. It has a mi...

berthing force is a critical dynamic lateral force in the design of berthing structures, having equal relevance when compared to seismic forces. besides, the construction cost of berthing structures is very high which can be optimized by calculating precise design berthing energy on fender and selecting optimum fender system. in the present study, design berthing energy of bulk carriers having ...

in this paper the effect of braking force error on the dynamic behavior of the truck is investigated. in the previous studies concerning the braking force error on the vehicle lateral deviation, to avoid complexity, researchers have assumed that the vehicle velocity during the braking process remains constant. in the present work, based on the realistic assumption that the vehicle velocity woul...

The effect of Ca2+ upon the rate constant of force redevelopment following a period of isotonic shortening with immediate restretch to the starting sarcomere length was studied in rabbit psoas fibers at 5 degrees C. Control experiments support the assumption that the rate constant of force redevelopment represents isometric cross-bridge turnover kinetics (fapp + gapp), where fapp and gapp are t...

~aP+rr@r = ~~rTorp (84) The mass m though invariant in a Lorentz transformation is not necessarily a constant of the motion, even if the density p of the particle is constant, since m includes the thermodynamic internal energy Lsee Eq. (34)7. Included in the Minkowski force is a term which predicts a force on a particle when it exists in a temperature gradient, a force associated with the entro...

This paper presents a micrograting-based force sensor integrated with a surface micromachined silicon-nitride probe suitable for characterizing microsurgery force on a single cell or embryo. The probe is supported by springs of a known spring constant, and the surgical penetration force is determined from displacement measurements. The opticalencoder force sensor exhibits conŽgurable sensitivit...