− At PTB, one designed and investigated measurement setups to determine the deformation of force transducers while applying a static or dynamic force. To measure the deformation, a differential vibrometer [1] is used which is integrated in the measurement setups. Using the deformation results one is able to calculate the transducers stiffness. An evaluation of the measurement uncertainty is pre...

The dynamic wetting properties of atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips are of much concern in many AFM-related measurement, fabrication, and manipulation applications. In this study, the wetting properties of silicon and silicon nitride AFM tips are investigated through dynamic contact angle measurement using a nano-Wilhelmy balance based method. This is done by capillary force measurement during...

A sensor has been developed which allows measurement of the force exerted by the bow on the string (bow force) during violin performance. The bow force is deduced from measurement of the transversal force at the termination of the bow hair at the frog. The principle is illustrated with an experiment that demonstrates how the bending of the stick and variations in bow hair tension influence the ...

Two-fingered micromanipulation systems with an integrated force sensor are widely used in robotics to sense and control gripping forces at the micro and nano-scales. They became of primary importance for an efficient manipulation and characterization of highly deformable biomaterials and nanostructures. This paper presents a chronological overview of gripping force measurement using two-fingere...

sors capable of resolving forces up to 490pN with a resolution of O.OlpN in z, and up to 900pN with a resolution of 0.24~N in I, in the oassive mode, Electrostatic microactuators are microsc~py (AFM) techniques, mere are four limitations restricting AFM use in cellular force measurement during .~~ inkgrated to the force t, operate in manipulation. First, different types of end-effectors such as...

A 15-cantilever-type force-sensor unit is presented for the measurement of palatolingual contact stress and pattern during palatal consonant phonation. The force sensor unit is composed of a strain gauge and a cantilever, and is embedded in a thin palatal plate attached to the human hard palate. It is 3 mm wide, by 5 mm long, and 1.3 mm thick. The output of the force sensor unit at the low stre...

The purposes of this study were to clarify the decreasing properties of, and to examine useful measurement times for evaluating muscle endurance in a comparison among various parameters using measurement times of 1, 3 and 6 mins and target values of 50, 75 and 100% MVC. Fifteen males and 15 females participated in this study. All subjects carried out sustained isometric gripping under nine cond...

This review focuses upon the measurement of force, indentation, and deformation with the atomic force microscope (AFM). Measurement and theory for elastic and viscoelastic particles and substrates are covered, as well as for deformable fluid drops and bubbles. A brief review is given of papers that use tapping mode imaging, normal and lateral force modulation, noise spectra, and indentation mea...