Pathways of unfolding a protein depend in principle on the perturbation-whether it is temperature, denaturant, or even forced extension. Widely-shared, helical-bundle spectrin repeats are known to melt at temperatures as low as 40-45 degrees C and are also known to unfold via multiple pathways as single molecules in atomic force microscopy. Given the varied roles of spectrin family proteins in ...

The cylindrical rod shape of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is organized and maintained by interactions between the microtubule, cell membrane, and actin cytoskeleton [1]. Mutations affecting any components in this pathway lead to bent, branched, or round cells [2]. In this context, the cytoskeleton controls cell polarity and thus dictates cell shape. Here, we use soft-lithography ...

in the present work, a hybrid of fourier transform and homotopy perturbation method is developed for solving the non-homogeneous partial differential equations with variable coefficients. the fourier transform is employed with combination of homotopy perturbation method (hpm), the so called fourier transform homotopy perturbation method (fthpm) to solve the partial differential equations. the c...

Following a change in the environment or motor apparatus, human subjects are able to rapidly compensate their movements to recover accurate performance. This ability to adapt is thought to be achieved through multiple, qualitatively distinct learning processes acting in parallel. It is unclear, however, what the relative contributions of these multiple processes are during learning. In particul...

The Microflown is an acoustic sensor that measures particle velocity instead of pressure, as conventional microphones do. This paper presents an analytical model describing the physical processes that govern the behaviour of the sensor and determine its sensitivity. Forced convection by an acoustic wave causes a small, asymmetrical, perturbation to the temperature profile around the two heated ...

The dynamics and predictability of Stommel's (1961) box model of the thermohaline circulation is studied. This nonlinear model with idealized geometry of the North Atlantic is solved exactly. A phase space analysis of the model reveals that the optimal perturbation a ecting long-term climate variability is provided by high latitude haline forcing in the Atlantic ocean, although this perturbatio...

MHD turbulence consists of waves that propagate along magnetic fieldlines, in both directions. When two oppositely directed waves collide, they distort each other, without changing their respective energies. In weak MHD turbulence, a given wave suffers many collisions before cascading. “Imbalance” means that more energy is going in one direction than the other. In general, MHD turbulence is imb...

Injury to the airway epithelium has been proposed as a key susceptibility factor for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Our goals were to establish whether airway epithelial cell injury occurs during EIB in athletes and whether inhalation of warm humid air inhibits this injury. Twenty-one young male athletes (10 with a history of EIB) performed two 8-min exercise tests near maximal aer...

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of different types of ankle sprains on the response latency of the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis to an inversion perturbation, as well as the time to complete the perturbation (time to maximum inversion). To create a forced inversion moment of the ankle, an outer sole with fulcrum was used to cause 25 degrees of inversion at th...

This paper investigates the parametric stability of an axially moving web subjected to non-uniform in-plane edge excitations on two opposite, simply-supported edges. The web is modeled as a viscoelastic plate whose constitutive relation obeys the Kelvin-Voigt model, and the in-plane edge excitations are expressed as the sum of a static tension and a periodical perturbation. Due to the in-plane ...