This research follows the manner in which State-driven, upwardly accountable, forest decentralization programs play out on the ground, and evaluates their impact on forests and local institutions, a topic of much current concern and debate. In a landscape in Nepal’s Terai plains, we conducted a census of 23 co-managed community and buffer-zone forest user groups—two predominant approaches to in...

Forest degradation in the tropics is a widespread, yet poorly understood phenomenon. This particularly true for tropical and subtropical dry forests, where variety of disturbances, both natural anthropogenic, affect forest canopies. Addressing thus requires spatially-explicit understanding causes disturbances. Here, we apply an approach attributing agents disturbance across large areas based on...

Although developing countries have established scores of new protected areas over the past three decades, they often amount to little more than ‘‘paper parks’’ that are chronically short of the financial, human, and technical resources needed for effective management. It is not clear whether and how severely under-resourced parks affect deforestation. In principle, they could either stem it by,...

introduction: the aim of this study was to compare a clearing technique with conventional radiography in studying certain features of the root canal system in single root premolars. a secondary aim was to assess inter examiner agreement for these features using radiographs. materials and methods: fifty-eight recently extracted single rooted premolars were included in this study. two standard pe...

Land use change , particularly the conversion of forest to agriculture, is an important driver climate but rarely considered a major factor in northern temperate regions. This study explored impacts clearing for agriculture northeastern United States, hypothesizing that compared managed cool-season pasture, silvopasture would moderate changes surface temperature, soil greenhouse fluxes, and car...

New data on the three major determinants of the carbon release from tropical forest clearing are used in a computer model that simulates land use change and its effects on the carbon content of vegetation and soil in order to calculate the net flux of carbon dioxide between tropical ecosystems and the atmosphere. The model also permits testing the sensitivity of the calculated flux to uncertain...