The task of incorporating traditional knowledge into the scientific management and conservation of the world’s forests is becoming increasingly important. 2 Internationally, organizations and governments have recognized that forests provide multiple goods and services to both local communities and to the global commons. Managing forests for their multiple attributes thus requires cooperation ac...

Abstract The aim of this research is to assess the current status, potential and problems human resources for forestry in municipal state forest management institutions (MSFMIs) Kazakhstan. A total 120 MSFMIs are functional Kazakhstan, with almost 5.5 thousand employees, which 6.1% women. Overall 63% foresters, 13% masters wood, engineers all categories, 7% wardens 4% directors. quality educati...

The economic loss caused by herbivore browsing in forest plantations is a concerning problem many areas around the world. Information on spatial distribution of damage important for owners when selecting locations new plantations, because planting trees high pressure increases losses. Although it difficult to survey across large areas, sporadic sampling data are often collected foresters, gover...