We use the formal model for similarity-based fuzzy unification in multi-adjoint logic programs to provide new tools for flexible querying. Our approach is based on a general framework for logic programming, which gives a formal model of fuzzy logic programming extended by fuzzy similarities and axioms of first-order logic with equality. As a source of similarities we consider different approach...

This paper presents a logic, called BOTL (Object-Based Temporal Logic), that facilitates the specification of dynamic and static properties of object-based systems. The logic is based on the branching temporal logic CTL and the Object Constraint Language (OCL), an optional part of the UML standard for expressing static properties over class diagrams. The formal semantics of BOTL is defined in t...

This paper presents a logic, called BOTL (Object-Based Temporal Logic), that facilitates the specification of dynamic and static properties of object-based systems. The logic is based on the branching temporal logic CTL and the Object Constraint Language (OCL). Eventually, the aim is to do model checking. The formal semantics of BOTL is defined in terms of a general operational model that is ai...

We are currently witnessing a revival in formal approaches to epistemology. Researchers from several fields—philosophy, artificial intelligence, statistics, economics, and other branches of applied logic & mathematics—seem to be, in growing numbers, taking up core questions in epistemology. This interest in formal epistemology from researchers in various fields appears to be more than a passing...

Formal methods are widely recognized as a powerful engineering method for the specification, simulation, development, and verification of distributed interactive systems. However, most formal methods rely on a two-valued logic, and are therefore limited to the axioms of that logic: a specification is valid or invalid, component behavior is realizable or not, safety properties hold or are violat...

In many AI contexts, such as natural language processing, sensing, and multi-agent systems, it is desirable to represent the information in a sentence in a formal and unambiguous way – in other words, to treat the intension of a sentence as a unique formal object. Standard intensional logics, which use a Kripke-style semantics, cannot do this, because Kripke structures do not contain enough wor...

Although there is consensus that a formal ontology consists of a set of axioms within some logical language, there is little consensus on how a formal ontology differs from an arbitrary theory. There is an intuitive distinction between the formal ontology and the set of domain theories that use the ontology, but there has been no characterization of this distinction in the context of first-orde...

A crucial problem of knowledge representation is that it has to be formal and informal at the same time. Here, ‘formal’ refers to knowledge as a mathematical concept which is thought, and ‘informal’ to knowledge as something which is experienced, i.e. a ‘real’ world phenomenon. This paper is an attempt to reconcile these potentially contradictory conditions. Our aim is to show that a cognitivel...