OBJECTIVE To evaluate the developmental outcomes of children who participated in an augmented randomized clinical trial of supplementing a standard infant formula with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. DESIGN Randomized clinical trial, augmented with a nonrandomized human milk comparison group. There were three randomized formula groups: standard formula, standard formula containing doc...

BACKGROUND This study compares the formula milk advertisements that appeared in parenting magazines published in two countries that have enacted measures to restrict the advertising of infant formula products in response to the international code with two that have not. METHODS Content analysis was used to compare the type and frequency of formula milk advertisements that appeared in parentin...

Full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) were obtained from very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) neonates to determine whether omega-3 (omega-3) fatty acids are essential for normal human retinal development. Eighty-one infants born at 30.4 (standard deviation, +/- 1.5) wk gestation were, within 10 d of birth, either enrolled to receive mother's milk (naturally containing both omega-6 and omega-3 essential...

AIMS Iron deficiency anaemia is associated, in observational studies, with developmental disadvantage. This study tested the hypothesis that feeding iron supplemented formula from 9 to 18 months of age would improve developmental performance. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 493 healthy children aged 9 months being fed pasteurised cows' milk were recruited from three UK centres. They were randomised to: ...

Nearly 2% to 3% of infants and children younger than 3 years have confirmed cow's milk protein allergy with multiple clinical presentations including atopic dermatitis (AD), diarrhea, and vomiting/spitting up. Although most infants with cow's milk protein allergy experience clinical improvement with the use of an extensively hydrolyzed (EH) formula, highly sensitive infants may require an amino...

BACKGROUND The stereospecific structures of the triacylglycerol molecules in human milk differ from that of cow's milk and vegetable oils, which are the fat sources used in infant formula. In human milk, palmitic acid (16:0) is predominantly esterified in the sn2 position, whereas vegetable oils or cow's milk fat contain most of their 16:0 in the outer positions of the triacylglycerol molecules...

CONTEXT Breastfed infants rely on adequate maternal dietary iodine intake. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to measure breast milk iodine and perchlorate, an inhibitor of iodide transport into the thyroid and potentially into breast milk, in Boston-area women. PARTICIPANTS The study included 57 lactating healthy volunteers in the Boston area. MEASUREMENTS Breast milk iodine and perchlorate con...

It's undoubted that optimum nutrition for term infants is breastfeeding, exclusive for the first six months, then followed by a complementary diet and carried on, if possible, for the first year of life or even more. During the last decades several data confirmed the great advantages of fresh mother's milk use also for feeding very low and extremely low birthweight preterm infants. When mother'...

Infants diagnosed with allergy to cow's milk protein (CMP) are fed extensively hydrolysed cow's milk formulas, modified soy formulas or even amino acid-based formulas. Hydrolysed rice protein infant formulas have become available and have been shown to be well tolerated by these infants. A prospective open, randomized clinical study to compare the clinical tolerance of a new hydrolysed rice pro...

The molybdenum (Mo) levels in the plasma and urine of 30 premature and 15 full-term infants have been compared with the Mo intakes and urine uric acid excretion (uric acid/creatinine ratio) produced by the Mo enzyme xanthine oxidase. The Mo intakes of full-term infants were 41 +/- 14 nmol/kg/day (mean +/- SEM). In the premature group breast milk supplied significantly less Mo (4.3 +/- 0.4 nmol/...