Animal testing was used traditionally in the cosmetics industry to confirm product safety, but has begun to be banned; alternative methods to replace animal experiments are either in development, or are being validated, worldwide. Research data related to test substances are critical for developing novel alternative tests. Moreover, safety information on cosmetic materials has neither been coll...

The aim of this paper is to expand upon previous research into the country origin effect through use empirical data by formulating an analysis method which allows measurement extent proxy K-pop musicians associated with image and propose alternative framework provides explanation as discrepancies between prior research. Our results reveal that impact ‘PSY’ ‘BTS’ on automobile sales ‘Hyundai Son...

Historical evolution of engineering disciplines and the complexity of the MDO problem suggest that disciplinary autonomy is a desirable goal in formulating and solving MDO problems. We examine the notion of disciplinary autonomy and discuss the analytical properties of three approaches to formulating and solving MDO problems that achieve varying degrees of autonomy by distributing the problem a...