Forward osmosis (FO) has recently drawn attention as a promising membrane based method for seawater and brackish water desalination. In this study, we focus on the use of calciun chloride (CaCl2) and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) as inorganic salt draw solution candidates due to their appropriate performance in water flux and reverse salt diffusion as well as reasonable cost. The experiments we...

The frontier of water treatment is being defined by hybrid approaches and thoughtful design integration. The use of increasingly sophisticated processes is driven by the need to treat dramatically impaired water supplies while maintaining low cost, high utilization, and high operational flexibility. Industrial wastewaters present an additional challenge, with increasing regulations and water sc...

In this study, the feasibility of Forward–Reverse osmosis processes was investigated for treating oily wastewater. The first stage applied forward process to recover pure water from Sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium (MgCl2) salts were used as draw solutions membrane that in (FO) cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane. operating parameters studied were: solution concentrations (0.25 – 0.75 M), o...

Forward osmosis (FO) is increasingly being studied as an alternative desalination technique to the other conventional technologies, owing primarily its low energy potential. However, co-opted limitations in draw solution (DS) regeneration stage FO processes and lack of effective DS have hampered FO's implementation for potable water application on industrial scale. In this work, we explored Don...

Polyamide (PA) based thin-film composite (TFC) membranes experience a high degree of organic fouling due to their hydrophobic and rough membrane surfaces during forward osmosis (FO) process. In this study, an ultrathin silica layer was grown in situ on the PA surface enhance antifouling property TFC by silicification Surface characterization confirmed development surface. The superhydrophilic s...