It is an important decision-making problem for a miner in the blockchain networks if he/she participates mining so that earns reward by creating new block earlier than other miners. We formulate this as noncooperative game, because probability of depends not only on one's own available computational resources, but also those Through theoretical and numerical analyses, we show hysteresis phenome...

Open-access blockchains based on proof-of-work protocols have gained tremendous popularity for their capabilities of providing decentralized tamper-proof ledgers and platforms data-driven autonomous organization. Nevertheless, the consensus are vulnerable to cyber-attacks such as double-spending. In this paper, we propose a novel approach cyber risk management blockchain-based service. particul...