in Greek mythology, one of Hercules’ labors was to slay the Hydra. The task seems impossible, as the creature was a multi-headed monster with the ability to grow two new heads when one was cleaved off. Oncologists face a similar daunting task in eliminating malignant cells, as each cancer appears to have its own Hydra protecting it. The suppression of the Forkhead box class O (FOXO) family of t...

in Greek mythology, one of Hercules’ labors was to slay the Hydra. The task seems impossible, as the creature was a multi-headed monster with the ability to grow two new heads when one was cleaved off. Oncologists face a similar daunting task in eliminating malignant cells, as each cancer appears to have its own Hydra protecting it. The suppression of the Forkhead box class O (FOXO) family of t...

Acquired drug resistance is a primary obstacle for effective cancer therapy. The correlation of point mutations in class III β-tubulin (TUBB3) and the prominent overexpression of ATP-binding cassette P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), a multidrug resistance gene, have been protruding mechanisms of resistance to microtubule disruptors such as paclitaxel (PTX) for many cancers. However, the precise underlyi...

in Greek mythology, one of Hercules’ labors was to slay the Hydra. The task seems impossible, as the creature was a multi-headed monster with the ability to grow two new heads when one was cleaved off. Oncologists face a similar daunting task in eliminating malignant cells, as each cancer appears to have its own Hydra protecting it. The suppression of the Forkhead box class O (FOXO) family of t...

in Greek mythology, one of Hercules’ labors was to slay the Hydra. The task seems impossible, as the creature was a multi-headed monster with the ability to grow two new heads when one was cleaved off. Oncologists face a similar daunting task in eliminating malignant cells, as each cancer appears to have its own Hydra protecting it. The suppression of the Forkhead box class O (FOXO) family of t...

Previously, we showed that the bioactive green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits growth in soft agar of breast cancer cells with Her-2/neu overexpression. Using gene expression profiling, here we show that EGCG treatment of Her-2/neu–driven mammary tumor cells alters the expression of key regulators in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway, reducing inva...

OBJECTIVE Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis occurs at low levels in atherosclerotic plaques and in vessel remodeling; however, the consequences and mediators of these levels are not known. Akt1 protects against VSMC apoptosis largely through inactivating target proteins such as forkhead class O transcription factor 3a (FoxO3a), but Akt1 signaling is reduced and FoxO3a activity is inc...

BACKGROUND Diabetes is associated with changes in myocardial stress-response pathways and is recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiac remodeling. Using spontaneously diabetic Goto Kakizaki rats as a model of type 2 DM we investigated whether post-translational modifications in the Akt - FOXO3a pathway, Sirt1 - p53 pathway and the mitogen activated protein kinase p38 regulator are in...

The accumulation of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative damage and cell death plays an important role in a number of neurodegenerative disorders. FOXO3a, the main isoform of FOXO transcription factors, mediates the cellular response to oxidative stress by regulating the expression of genes involved in DNA repair and glutamine metabolism, including glutamine synthetase (GS). Immunohisto...

Forkhead transcription factor. More than 20 human forkhead genes are known and several have been implicated in tumorigenesis (see review in Carlsson & Mahlapuu [2002]). So far, mutations in eight different forkhead genes have been associated with human developmental disorders. Their phenotypes are pleiotropic and include ocular, craniofacial, circulatory, skeletal, immune and gonadal defects. F...