We propose to utilize confocal Raman spectroscopy combined with high resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) for nondestructive characterisation of the sidewalls of etched and passivated small pixel (24μm×24μm) focal plane arrays (FPA) fabricated using LW/LWIR InAs/GaSb type-II strained layer superlattice (T2SL) detector material. Special high aspect ratio Si and GaAs AFM probes, with tip leng...

The DASH (Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne) is used to detect the upper atmospheric wind velocity by its imaging Fizeau interference fringes. There are two measurement methods: Fourier series method (FSM) and popular transform (FTM). However, accuracy of FTM greatly influenced window function, calculation amount relatively complicated. Four-point algorithm (FPA) for DASH’ s proposed in thi...

The researchers aimed to study the nonlinear fractional order model of malaria infection based on Caputo-Fabrizio derivative. homotopy analysis transform method (HATM) is applied floating-point arithmetic (FPA) and discrete stochastic (DSA). In FPA, show accuracy we use absolute error which depends exact solution a positive value ?. Because in real life problems do not have optimal ?, need intr...

Stationary Fourier transform spectrometry is an interesting concept for building reliable field or embedded spectroradiometers, especially for the mid- and far- IR. Here, a very compact configuration of a cryogenic stationary Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectrometer is investigated, where the interferometer is directly integrated in the focal plane array (FPA). We present a theoretical analysis...

The appropriateness of dielectric loaded antenna for the passive millimeter wave imaging application has recently been demonstrated. In this paper, we analyze the optical performance of the passive millimeter wave (PMMW) imaging system based on a 1D focal plane array (FPA) of dielectric rod waveguide (DRW) antennas. A first step in the design process is to analyze the image quality potential of...

Process improvement techniques as well as metrics have just recently been implemented in the software development department in the Eskom Information Technology Department. The techniques implemented are Function Point Analysis (FPA) and the ISO/IEC 15504 emerging international standard for software process improvement and capability determination (SPICE). Subscription to the Computer Sciences ...

This article presents a dual-band filtering power amplifier (DB-FPA) with extended passband bandwidths and wide stopband rejection, which is helpful in reducing the number of microwave components radio frequency front end, resulting compact circuit size low loss. In designed DB-FPA, wideband low-pass filter applied as input matching network (IMN) to provide impedance good while transformation a...

Using the forward period analysis (FPA), we obtain the period of a Morse oscillator and mathematical pendulum system, with the accuracy of 100 significant digits. From these results, the long-term [0, 1060] (time unit) solutions, ranging from the Planck time to the age of the universe, are computed reliably and quickly with a parallel multiple-precision Taylor series (PMT) scheme. The applicati...

Partial discharge (PD) online monitoring is a common technique for high-voltage equipment diagnosis. However, due to field interference, the monitored PD signal contains lot of noise. Therefore, this paper proposes novel method by integrating flower pollination algorithm, variational mode decomposition, and Savitzky–Golay filter (FPA-VMD-SG) effectively suppress white noise narrowband in signal...

In the field of software engineering, effort estimation plays an essential role. The process of testeffort estimation more important , in order to not exceed the budget of the project. This paperdiscusses one important aspects of this development, which is used in the field of effortestimation in software projects. This commonly used Method for test effort estimation will be...