A new gradient-based formulation for predicting fracture in elastic–plastic solids is presented. Damage captured by means of a phase field model that considers both the elastic and plastic works as driving forces fracture. Material deformation characterised mechanism-based strain gradient constitutive model. This non-local plastic-damage numerically implemented used to simulate several paradigm...

Transverse fractures of the vertebral arch or Chance fractures are rare in children. The few cases described have been associated with lap-type seat belt use. The adolescent female reported sustained a transverse fracture of L2 from a fall. This is an unusual mechanism of injury producing a Chance-type fracture in an adolescent.

We report a case of fracture of femoral head occurring in the setting of underlying osteonecrosis following a low-energy trauma in a middle-aged male. Patient also has underlying pelvic pathology from a previous trauma. The possible mechanism of injury is discussed. Extensive literature search reveals that this is the first report of a fracture in an osteonecrotic femoral head.