A novel speech bandwidth extension method based on audio watermark is presented in this paper. The time-domain and frequency-domain envelope parameters are extracted from the high-frequency components of speech signal, and then these parameters are embedded in the corresponding narrowband speech bit stream by the modified least significant bit watermark method which uses perception property. At...

Household food security remains a challenge in South Africa. The national government instituted the Integrated Food Security Strategy (IFSS) programme which identifies household agricultural production as an important element of improving household-level food security. Agricultural extension is well positioned to help achieve this aim, but its current contribution is unknown. This study identif...

The present research is conducted to find out the services and facilities of tobacco companies in promotion of tobacco crop in Malakand division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A multi-stage sampling technique applied for selection sample size. In this method, 135 tobacco growers were selected from fifteen villages of tobacco growers. The principle researcher interviewed selected respondents f...

This study examined the accuracy between extension professionals and farmers regarding their perceptions of privatization and commercialization of agricultural extension services. The study was carried out in Delta State, Nigeria and it had a sample size of 224 respondents comprising of 134 extension professionals of the Delta State Agricultural Programme (DTADP) and 90 farmers that were random...

For each odd prime p, we produce a 2-generated pro-p group G whose normal Hausdorff spectra hspec ⊴ S ( ) = hdim H ∣ c \begin{equation*}\hskip7pc \operatorname{hspec}_{\trianglelefteq }^{\mathcal {S}}(G) {\left\lbrace \operatorname{hdim}_{G}^{\mathcal {S}}(H)\mid H\trianglelefteq _\mathrm{c} \right\rbrace}\hskip-7pc \end{equation*} with respect to five standard filtration series $\mathcal {S}$ ...

Let G $G$ be a finite group and recall that the Frattini subgroup Frat ( ) ${\rm Frat}(G)$ is intersection of all maximal subgroups . In this paper, we investigate number , denoted α $\alpha (G)$ which minimal whose coincides with earlier work, studied in special case where simple here extend analysis to almost groups. particular, prove ⩽ 4 (G) \leqslant 4$ for every best possible. We also esta...

The study assessed farmers’ perception of effectiveness of agricultural extension agents in Anambra State, Nigeria. The population of the study comprised all contact farmers and extension agents in Anambra State. Multi-stage, purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 200 respondents comprising 160 farmers and 40 extension agents. Data for the study were collected throu...

Compartmentalised extension prohibits the uptake of new technology thereby inhibiting agricultural growth. Extension services aimed at increased agricultural growth should have a market-led and evidence-based pluralistic advisory system that is coordinated by the government’s Agricultural and Technical Services division in response to the needs of farmers. This study sought to assess extension ...

BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy with increasing incidence worldwide. The tumor invades surrounding tissues in an irregular pattern via subclinical and microscopic finger-like growths known as subclinical extension. Subclinical extension may be responsible for incomplete resection of the tumor. This study investigates the subclinical extension of BCC. METHOD...