Poland syndrome is the most frequent cause of congenital breast aplasia and hypoplasia. Breast and possible chest wall deformities can be treated with several surgical techniques, including implants, and pedicled or free flaps.We describe the case of a young patient with severe Poland syndrome with amastia, athelia, and deformity of the chest wall, and aplasia of 2 ribs. Marked hypoplasia of th...

BACKGROUND The gluteal artery perforator free flap represents the state of the art in autogenous breast reconstruction for the patient with insufficient abdominal donor tissue. Preservation of the gluteal musculature limits morbidity and allows for rapid patient recovery. The need for intraoperative repositioning has historically limited gluteal artery perforator flap breast reconstruction to o...

OBJECTIVE In this report, we placed focus on the immunological function of lymph nodes and performed lymph node transfer via a free flap to a site of refractory infection. CASE AND RESULTS Case 1 describes a 34-year-old male suffering from compound fractures with severe crush injuries and burns in the right ankle joint. A 20 × 15 cm skin defect was observed around the right malleolus medialis...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The size variation of single subcortical infarcts (SSIs) may be because of differences in stroke mechanisms or branching patterns of perforators. We aim to investigate this issue using high-resolution MRI. METHODS Patients with high-resolution MRI-identified SSI without significant (≥50%) middle cerebral artery stenosis were enrolled. Perforator stems were defined as pe...

Recent advances in wearable recording technology have enabled high-quality video recording of several surgical procedures from the surgeon's perspective. However, the available wearable cameras are not optimal for recording the harvesting of perforator flaps because they are too heavy and cannot be attached to the surgical loupe. The Ecous is a small high-resolution camera that was specially de...

Introduction: Traditionally in reconstruction of lower limb soft tissue defects, muscle flaps have been the ‘Gold Standard’ for Gustillo Anderson Grade III B fracture involving upper and middle third defects. Lower third defects were usually reconstructed with free flaps. Evolution in flap surgery has enabled fasciocutaneous, adipofascial and superthin flaps to be harvested for the purpose of r...

1 BACKGROUND Although flap anatomy is well studied on cadavers and microsurgical techniques are well practiced on rats, still there are few training models for learning the techniques of perforator flap harvesting. The cadaver has no bloodstream, so accuracy of dissection cannot be evaluated and flap viability cannot be verified. Training on humans carries a high risk of flap damage. A living m...

abstract   the perfect method for breast reconstruction would be safe, reliable, reproducible, applicable to all patients, and would have no donor site morbidity. the ideal reconstructed breast would provide symmetric, permanent, and natural results. there has been development and refinement of autogenous methods of breast reconstruction throughout the literature. the tram flap remains the most...