Beyond both estalished frameworks of derivative-based descent and stochastic search algorithms, the rise of expensive optimization problems creates the need for new specific approaches and procedures. The word ”expensive” —which refers to price and/or time issues— implies severely restricted budgets in terms of objective function evaluations. Such limitations contrast with the computational bur...

Limitations of the NOAC randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence base The multinational NOAC RCTs demonstrated noninferiority to warfarin at and below the following mean international normalized ratio (INR) time in therapeutic range (TTR): 64% for dabigatran in the RELY (Randomized Evaluation of Long-term Anticoagulation Therapy) trial ; 55% for rivaroxaban in the Rocket-AF (Rivaroxaban Once ...

BACKGROUND The patient responsibility concept is based on better informed patients who can shoulder the responsibility for their own health and who can discuss matters competently with their health care provider, becoming partners of their doctors in enabling them to make informed decisions about their medical care. Better patient information and more active participation is also often associat...