Torben Larsen CAST, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winslows Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark Email: [email protected] Abstract. The study reviews neuroeconomic studies of Frontal integration with a view to identify components of relevance to decision-maling. Results: Four different partitions of the Frontal Cortex are identified as relevant to integration: Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex inte...

Neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies implicate both frontal and temporoparietal cortices when humans reason about the mental states of others. Here, we report an event-related potentials study of the time course of one such "theory of mind" ability: visual perspective taking. The findings suggest that posterior cortex, perhaps the temporoparietal cortex, calculates and represents the per...

According to contemporary views, the lateral frontal cortex is organized along a rostro-caudal functional axis with increasingly complex cognitive/behavioral control implemented rostrally, and increasingly detailed motor control implemented caudally. Whether the medial frontal cortex follows the same organization remains to be elucidated. To address this issue, the functional connectivity of th...

Primary motor cortex (M1), a key region for voluntary motor control, has been considered a first choice as the source of neural signals to control prosthetic devices for humans with paralysis. Less is known about the potential for other areas of frontal cortex as prosthesis signal sources. The frontal cortex is widely engaged in voluntary behavior. Single-neuron recordings in monkey frontal cor...

OBJECTIVE To determine functional connectivity of the default mode network in patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in resting state. METHODS The posterior cingulate cortex was selected as a seed for assessment of functional connectivity of the activated brain areas in resting state by using a seed-based correlation analysis of the resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging...

Based on reports of increased platelet serotonin in 30 to 50% of autistic subjects, abnormal serotonergic neurotransmission may be important in the pathogenesis of autism. However, serotonin metabolite measurements in cerebrospinal fluid of autistic subjects have failed to demonstrate consistent abnormalities. Using alpha-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan as a tracer for serotonin synthesis with positro...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE High-altitude environmental factors and genetic variants together could have exerted their effects on the human brain. The present study was designed to investigate the cerebral morphology in high-altitude native Tibetans. MATERIALS AND METHODS T1-weighted brain images were obtained from 77 Tibetan adolescents on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (altitude, 2300-5300 m) and 8...

Defects in p21-activated kinase (PAK) lead to dendritic spine abnormalities and are sufficient to cause cognition impairment. The decrease in PAK in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is suspected to underlie synaptic and dendritic disturbances associated with its clinical expression, particularly with symptoms related to frontal cortex dysfunction. To investigate the role of PAK co...

The effect of different L-phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations (0.12-12.1 mM) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), (Na+,K+)-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities was investigated in homogenates of adult rat whole brain and frontal cortex at 37 degrees C. AChE, (Na+,K+)-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities were determined after preincubation with Phe. AChE activity in both tissues showed a decrease up to 18% ...

Prenatal ethanol exposure is associated with an increased incidence of depressive disorders in patient populations. However, the mechanisms that link prenatal ethanol exposure and depression are unknown. Several recent studies have implicated reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hippocampal formation and frontal cortex as important contributors to the etiology of depre...