Over the years, IVF/ICSI protocols have continued to evolve with efforts to improve outcomes. As a result, treatment success may be related to certain procedural factors, including number of embryos transferred and stage at which they are transferred. This review aims to assess the safety and effectiveness of IVF/ICSI in comparison to spontaneous conception and less invasive ARTs and the impact...

BACKGROUND The risks of premature birth and perinatal death are increased after in vitro fertilization. These risks are mainly due to the high incidence of multiple births, which relates to the number of embryos transferred. METHODS We performed a randomized, multicenter trial to assess the equivalence of two approaches to in vitro fertilization with respect to the rates of pregnancy that res...

BACKGROUND Intact frozen-thawed embryos have a greater potential than damaged embryos to establish successful pregnancies. This study aimed to determine whether elevated concentrations of sucrose during freezing would increase the proportion of patients with ≥ 50% of embryos intact after thawing (primary outcome), and improve clinical outcome. METHODS In a two arm, parallel group, pragmatic t...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have found that the decision-making process for stored unused frozen embryos involves much emotional burden influenced by socio-cultural factors. This study aims to ascertain how Japanese patients make a decision on the fate of their frozen embryos: whether to continue storage discard or donate to research. METHODS Ten Japanese women who continued storage, 5 who di...

Development disorders may be arisen from the unavoidable maternal exposure to particulate air pollution during the prenatal life that can be affected not only periconceptional period but also postnatal life. A kind of chemical material categorized as air pollutants are present in the urine, blood and semen of exposed men and may decline sperm count and affect sperm quality. Environment toxic ca...

Introduction.......................................................................................1022 I. The Cases .................................................................................1030 A. In re the Marriage of Litowitz v. Litowitz ..............................1030 B. Davis v. Davis.....................................................................1033 C. Kass v. Kass .........

Both sperm and embryo cryopreservation have become routine procedures in human assisted reproduction and oocyte cryopreservation is being introduced into clinical practice and is getting more and more widely used. Embryo cryopreservation has decreased the number of fresh embryo transfers and maximized the effectiveness of the IVF cycle. The data shows that women who had transfers of fresh and f...

BACKGROUND Recent advancement in both human embryology and preimplantation genetic screening has created a completely new situation for human assisted reproduction. Embryos, typically at blastocyst stage, are biopsied and screened by DNA microarray or next-generation sequencing before cryopreservation, and then euploid embryos are warmed for transfer. Increased embryo implantation rates have be...