We repeatedly sampled the surface mineral soil (0-20 cm depth) in three northern temperate forest communities over an 11-year experimental fumigation to understand the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and/or elevated phyto-toxic ozone (O(3)) on soil carbon (C). After 11 years, there was no significant main effect of CO(2) or O(3) on soil C. However, within the community containing onl...

sterilized soils are commonly used for the study of xenobiotic sorption and as an abiotic control in biodegradation experiments. they are also used for the chemical study of nitrogen and carbon cycle processes and the elimination of the biological factors. in this research the effects of different soil sterilization methods such as autoclaving, fumigating and exposure to ultraviolet and microwa...

Background: Healthcare associated infections includes infestation by bacteria, viruses and fungi. As per WHO estimates, approximately 15% of all hospitalized patients suffer from these nosocomial caused micro-organisms. Outbreaks such increases the use antibiotics, vitamins immonomodulator medicines. During ancient times, to prevent spread infections; fumigation with herbs was a practice it is ...