Ecological speciation is well-known from adaptive radiations in cichlid fishes inhabiting lentic ecosystems throughout the African rift valley and Central America. Here, we investigate the ecological and morphological diversification of a recently discovered lotic predatory Neotropical cichlid species flock in subtropical South America. We document morphological and functional diversification u...

We analyze the fundamental solution of a time-fractional problem, establishing existence and uniqueness in an appropriate functional space. also focus on one-dimensional spatial setting case which exponent is equal to, or larger than, \begin{document}$ \frac12 $\end{document}. In this situation, we prove ...

We present new results from a systematic study of absorption line strengths of galaxies in clusters approaching redshifts of unity. In this paper, we specifically compare the strengths of the high-order Balmer absorption features of Hγ and Hδ in E/S0s in the four clusters Abell 2256 (z=0.06), CL1358+62 (z = 0.33), MS2053–04 (z = 0.58), and MS1054–03 (z = 0.83). By comparing the correlation of B...

The notion of aboutness is fundamental to information retrieval. Assume there is a document d which is about query q. Now, if information is added to d yielding ~ d, the question arises whether document ~ d is about q? In other words, is aboutness monotonic with respect to information composition? This article shows that aboutness does have nonmonotonic character with respect to composition.

The study of fossilized ontogenies in mammals is mostly restricted to postnatal and late stages of growth, but nevertheless can deliver great insights into life history and evolutionary mechanisms affecting all aspects of development. Fossils provide evidence of developmental plasticity determined by ecological factors, as when allometric relations are modified in species which invaded a new sp...

The notion of aboutness is fundamental to information retrieval. Assume there is a document d which is about query q. Now, if information is added to d yielding ~ d, the question arises whether document ~ d is about q? In other words, is aboutness monotonic with respect to information composition? This article shows that aboutness does have nonmonotonic character with respect to composition.

Evolution on neutral networks of genotypes has been found in models to concentrate on genotypes with high mutational robustness, to a degree determined by the topology of the network. Here analysis is generalized beyond neutral networks to arbitrary selection and parent-offspring transmission. In this larger realm, geometric features determine mutational robustness: the alignment of fitness wit...

An evolutionary perspective on human motivation provides a means of identifying conceptually distinct motivational systems (including motives pertaining to selfprotection, disease avoidance, affiliation, status, mate acquisition, mate retention, and parental care), each of which has unique implications for affect, cognition, and behavior. We provide an illustrative summary of some of these empi...

One of the fundamental questions for document analysis and subsequent automatic re-authoring solutions is the semantic and contextual integrity of the processed document. The problem is particularly severe in web document re-authoring as the segmentation process often creates an array of seemingly unrelated snippets of content without providing any concrete clue to aid the layout analysis proce...