Bioassays using pellets of agar, thatch-agar and turfgrass-agar were developed using benzimidazole-sensitive Penicillium expansum, to detect the fungicide methyl 2-benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) which is the major fungitoxic degradation product of benomyl [methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate] in thatch and turfgrass clippings. These bioassays were used to estimate the amount of f...

Fludioxonil is a fungicide with a singular mode of action that is widely employed in the treatment of fruit crops. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) has been developed and validated for the determination of residues of this fungicide in fruit juices. A collection of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the fungicide fludioxonil has been produced and characterized using di...

Two bioassay methods were modified to evaluate persistence, adsorption and biological availability of the fungicide benomyl in soil. The amount of biologically-available fungicide was assayed using the fungus Penicillium expansum Link ex Gray. The bioassay results were not significantly different from those obtained by spectrophotometry. The bioassays detected methyl 2-benzimidazole carbamate (...

The aquatic ecotoxic profile of the fungicide pyrimethanil and its acute and chronic thermal dependence in two aquatic invertebrates Chironomus riparius and Daphnia magna were investigated. The ecotoxicity of pyrimethanil at optimal thermal conditions did not depend on the trophic level, but was species-specific. The acute pyrimethanil-toxicity on C. riparius increased with higher temperature. ...

The development of synoptic sky surveys has led to a massive amount of data for which resources needed for analysis are beyond human capabilities. In order to process this information and to extract all possible knowledge, machine learning techniques become necessary. Here we present a new methodology to automatically discover unknown variable objects in large astronomical catalogs. With the ai...

Herein, we explore the potential use of two micelle-forming block copolymers, i.e., Pluronic F-127 and poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(caprolactone), for application of fungicide agents. The polymer effect on the in vitro fungicide activity of a series of geranyl orcinol derivatives against Botrytis cinerea has been assessed. The results show that, for all test compounds, the incorporation into mic...

The dithiocarbamate fungicide mancozeb is used extensively around the world for control of foliar diseases. Initial yield decline research in the early 1990s investigated soil application of fungicides for the amelioration of poor root health in sugarcane. Experiments in both the glasshouse and field have since shown that root health and plant growth improve dramatically following mancozeb appl...

Stand establishment problems occur frequently in Arkansas rice fields and are commonly associated with cool soil temperatures (early planting) and saturated soils. There are several factors that affect rice stand establishment including diseases and insects. It is important to understand what pathogens or pests are the cause of stand problems in rice for managing stand establishment problems. I...

We consider robust estimation of gene intensities from cDNA microarray data with replicates. Several statistical methods for estimating gene intensities from microarrays have been proposed, but there has been little work on robust estimation of the intensities. This is particularly relevant for experiments with replicates, because even one outlying replicate can have a disastrous effect on the ...

Tempranillo grapes were immersed in solutions of pyrimethanil, metalaxyl, dichlofluanid and penconazol fungicides at different concentrations for several different times. Determinations of the fungicide residues was carried out by GC-NPD, with an additional confirmation by GC-MS. The percentage absorption was determined as well as the distribution between surface, skin and pulp of the grapes. T...