In graph theory, a “dominating vertex set” is subset of vertices in such that every the either member or adjacent to subset. other words, dominating set “dominate” remaining graph. Dominating sets are important theory because they can help us understand and analyze behavior For example, network analysis, dominant may represent key nodes influence nodes. Identifying also optimization problems, a...

Most diagnostic assays used daily in clinical laboratories are based on identifying and quantifying the presence of specific molecules that serve as markers of pathologic conditions and physiological status; however, these molecules are neither visualized nor counted directly. Instead, amplified signals generated through various strategies [e.g., real-time PCR, enzyme-linked assays (ELISAs), or...

A fuzzy graph can be obtained from two given fuzzy graphs using union and join. In this paper, we find the degree of an edge in fuzzy graphs formed by these operations in terms of the degree of edges in the given fuzzy graphs in some particular cases. 1. Introduction Fuzzy graph theory was introduced by Azriel Rosenfeld in 1975 [4]. Though it is very young, it has been growing fast and has nume...

December 28, 1987: Shuichi Kawasaki, one of my graduate students, shouted for me to: “Come to the laboratory, immediately!” When I arrived, to my great surprise, I saw numerous laser spots twinkling very strongly on the screen. “How fantastic! How could you generate such a colorful beam, today?” I asked him. “I really don’t know. I was trying to get better data for my thesis, and I maximized th...

Abstract—In fuzzy control systems, fuzzification and defuzzification are two important procedures. Defuzzification plays an important part in the implementation of a fuzzy system, since the fuzzy data is not suitable for real time applications; it needs to be converted into crisp data. This paper proposes a novel VLSI architecture of a weighted average method (WAM) defuzzification method. The W...

Uncertainty modeling applied at different stages of the virtual prototyping process enhances the quality of the of the design in terms of physical validity. The Fuzzy FEM is a widely accepted numerical simulation tool to model imprecise data in early design stages. The Interval FEM, which forms the basis of the Fuzzy FEM, is based on the interval arithmetic approach or on black-box approaches s...

Network sensors consist of sensor nodes in which every node covers a limited area. The most common use ofthese networks is in unreachable fields.Sink is a node that collects data from other nodes.One of the main challenges in these networks is the limitation of nodes battery (power supply). Therefore, the use oftopology control is required to decrease power consumption and increase network acce...