Numerous studies document the urban poor disadvantage in child health conditions in African cities. This study uses DHS data from 23 countries in sub-Saharan Africa to examine whether the urban poor experience comparable disadvantages in maternal health. The results show that although the urban poor on average receive better antenatal and delivery care than rural residents, they consistently ha...

What is not so obvious is that the health of the poor is harmed in proportion to the size of the gap between rich and poor. It isn't the absolute level of poverty that matters so much as the size of the gap between rich and poor. In other words, "...what matters in determining mortality and health in a society is less the overall wealth of that society and more how evenly wealth is distributed....

Jiawen Deng 1,2, Juan D. Jaramillo 2, Peter Hänggi 2,3,4,5 and Jiangbin Gong 1,2,* ID 1 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, Singapore 117597, Singapore; [email protected] 2 Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore; [email protected] (J.D.J.); [email protected] (P.H.) 3 Center for Quantum Technologies, National Un...

Positivity reduces substantially the allowed domain for spin observables. We briefly recall some methods used to determine these domains and give some typical examples for exclusive and inclusive spin-dependent reactions.

We exhibit some new techniques to study volumes of tubes about algebraic varieties in complex projective spaces. We prove the existence of relations between volumes and Intersection Theory in the presence of singularities. In particular, we can exhibit an average Bézout Equality for equi–dimensional varieties. We also state an upper bound for the volume of a tube about a projective variety. As ...

In intuitionistic fuzzy sets, there is a natural symmetry between degrees of truth and falsity. As a result, for such sets, natural similarity measures are symmetric relative to an exchange of true and false values. It has been recently shown that among such measures, the most intuitively reasonable are the ones which are also symmetric relative to an arbitrary permutation of degrees of truth, ...

using cross-provinces and panel regressions, this paper investigates the interrelationship between gender equality and fertility in iran for the period 2007-2012. the article attempts to explain the low fertility rate in iran by distinguishing between two types of gender equity, i.e. gender equity in individual-oriented institutions and gender equity in family-oriented institutions. for this pu...