In this note, we prove that the order of x p − x − 1 ∈ Fp[x] is p p −1 p−1 , where p is a prime and Fp is the finite field of size p. As a consequence, it is shown that x p − x − a ∈ Fp[x] is primitive if and only if a is a primitive element in Fp.

Frequent Pattern Tree (FP-Tree) is a compact data structure of representing frequent itemsets. The construction of FP-Tree is very important prior to frequent patterns mining. However, there have been too limited efforts specifically focused on constructing FP-Tree data structure beyond from its original database. In typical FPTree construction, besides the prior knowledge on support threshold,...

Oral anticoagulant therapy could be advanced using lipid-based nanoparticulate systems. This study examined lipid nanocapsules for their oral absorption potential as the first step in developing oral fondaparinux (Fp) novel carriers. Using phase inversion method and cationic surfactants such as hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) or stearylamine (SA), cationic lipid nanocapsules (cLNCs),...

Tables Table 1 Calculation of weighted average fish concentrations for piscivorous birds and threatened and endangered species Table 2 Alternate Evaluation: IMPG attainment for benthic invertebrates for selected SED/FP combinations Table 3 Alternate Evaluation: IMPG attainment for amphibians (as represented by wood frog) for selected SED/FP combinations Table 4 Alternate Evaluation: IMPG attain...

INTRODUCTION Fishing communities (FCs) in Uganda have high HIV infection rates but poor access to health services including family planning (FP). Although FP is a cost-effective public health intervention, there is a paucity of data on knowledge and use of modern FP in FCs. This study determined knowledge and use of modern FP methods in FCs of Uganda. METHODS Data were accrued from a 12-month...

PURPOSE False-positive (FP) results of fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) conducted in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening could lead to performing unnecessary colonoscopies. Hemorrhoids are a possible cause of FP FIT results; however, studies on this topic are extremely rare. We investigated whether hemorrhoids are associated with FP FIT results. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was ...

The HIV gp41 protein catalyzes fusion between viral and target cell membranes. Although the ~20-residue N-terminal fusion peptide (FP) region is critical for fusion, the structure of this region is not well characterized in large gp41 constructs that model the gp41 state at different times during fusion. This paper describes solid-state NMR (SSNMR) studies of FP structure in a membrane-associat...

The Arctic sea ice cover has decreased strongly in extent, thickness, volume and age in recent decades. The melt season presents a significant challenge for sea ice forecasting due to uncertainty associated with the role of surface melt ponds in ice decay at regional scales. This study quantifies the relationships of spring melt pond fraction (fp) with both winter sea ice roughness and thicknes...

OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacies of medium-dose fluticasone propionate (FP), medium-dose triamcinolone acetonide (TAA), and combined low-dose FP plus salmeterol (SL). DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, triple-dummy, multicenter, 12-week clinical trial. SETTING Allergy/respiratory care clinics. PATIENTS Six hundred eighty patients with asthma previously uncontrolled with low-dose inhaled...

We assessed knowledge, attitude, and provision of recommended fall prevention (FP) practices by employees of senior-serving organization and participation in FP practices by at-risk elders. The Washington State Department of Health administered structured telephone surveys to 50 employees and 101 elders in Washington State. Only 38% of employees felt "very knowledgeable" about FP, and a majorit...