In this article, we formalize topological properties of real normed spaces. In the first few parts, open and closed, density, separability and sequence and its convergence are discussed. Then we argue properties of real normed subspace. In the middle of the article, we discuss linear functions between real normed speces. Several kinds of subspaces induced by linear functions such as kernel, ima...

The present paper introduces the notion of the complete fuzzy norm on a linear space. And, some relations between the fuzzy completeness and ordinary completeness on a linear space is considered, moreover a new form of fuzzy compact spaces, namely b-compact spaces and b-closed spaces are introduced. Some characterizations of their properties are obtained.

In normed linear space settings, modifying the sequential definition of continuity of an operator by replacing the usual limit "lim" with arbitrary linear regular summability methods G we consider the notion of a generalized continuity ((G1,G2)-continuity) and examine some of its consequences in respect of usual continuity and linearity of the operators between two normed linear spaces.

Let BY denote the unit ball of a normed linear space Y . A symmetric, bounded, closed, convex set A in a finite dimensional normed linear space X is called a sufficient enlargement for X if, for an arbitrary isometric embedding of X into a Banach space Y , there exists a linear projection P : Y → X such that P (BY ) ⊂ A. Each finite dimensional normed space has a minimal-volume sufficient enlar...

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and discuss the concept of orthogonality in normed spaces. A concept of orthogonality on normed linear space was introduced. We obtain some subspaces of Banach spaces which are topologically complemented.

Let X be a linear space. A p-norm on X is a real-valued function on X with 0 < p ≤ 1, satisfying the following conditions: (i) ‖x‖p ≥ 0 and ‖x‖p = 0⇔ x = 0, (ii) ‖αx‖p = |α|p‖x‖p, (iii) ‖x+ y‖p ≤ ‖x‖p +‖y‖p for all x, y ∈ X and all scalars α. The pair (X ,‖,‖p) is called a p-normed space. It is a metric linear space with a translation invariant metric dp defined by dp(x, y)= ‖x− y‖p for all x, ...

We establish a generalized Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability theorem in the fuzzy sense. In particular, we introduce the notion of fuzzy approximate Jensen mapping and prove that if a fuzzy approximate Jensen mapping is continuous at a point, then we can approximate it by an everywhere continuous Jensen mapping. As a fuzzy version of a theorem of Schwaiger, we also show that if every fuzzy approxima...

In this article, we considered bidual spaces and reflexivity of real normed spaces. At first we proved some corollaries applying Hahn-Banach theorem and showed related theorems. In the second section, we proved the norm of dual spaces and defined the natural mapping, from real normed spaces to bidual spaces. We also proved some properties of this mapping. Next, we defined real normed space of R...

In this article, we considered bidual spaces and reflexivity of real normed spaces. At first we proved some corollaries applying Hahn-Banach theorem and showed related theorems. In the second section, we proved the norm of dual spaces and defined the natural mapping, from real normed spaces to bidual spaces. We also proved some properties of this mapping. Next, we defined real normed space of R...

In this paper, we introduce difference double sequence spaces ${I_{2} }^{(\mu,\upsilon)}(M,\Delta)$ and ${I_{2}^{0}}^{(\mu,\upsilon)}(M,\Delta)$ in the intuitionistic fuzzy normed linear spaces. We also investigate some topological properties of these