This study considers four means of defining differential operators for extracting local aspects of shape in ill-specified environments: fuzzy differentiation as kernel smoothing; differentiation in the sense of weak or generalized derivatives; differentiation for fuzzy functions between normed spaces; and fuzzy differentiation for mappings between fuzzy manifolds. More consideration is given to...

Neutrosophic theory has many applications in graph theory, interval valued neutrosophic graph (IVNG) is the generalization of fuzzy graph, intuitionistic fuzzy graph and single valued neutrosophic graph. In this paper, we introduced some types of IVNGs, which are subdivision IVNGs, middle IVNGs, total IVNGs and interval valued neutrosophic line graphs (IVNLGs), also discussed the isomorphism, c...

Neutrosophic theory has many applications in graph theory, bipolar single valued neutrosophic graphs (BSVNGs) is the generalization of fuzzy graphs and intuitionistic fuzzy graphs, SVNGs. In this paper we introduce some types of BSVNGs, such as subdivision BSVNGs, middle BSVNGs, total BSVNGs and bipolar single valued neutrosophic line graphs (BSVNLGs), also investigate the isomorphism, co weak ...

Many decisions need to be made based on imprecise or incomplete initial information. In such cases, decision makers are generally more interested in some sets of the most promising solutions rather than the best single solution. Therefore, in contrast to conventional optimisation approaches that aim to find exact optimal points, we aim to find optimal ranges with variable satisfaction degrees. ...

A classical result for crisp choice functions shows the equivalence between Arrow axiom and the property of full rationality. In this paper we study a fuzzy form of Arrow axiom formulated in terms of the subsethood degree and of the degree of equality (of fuzzy sets). We prove that a fuzzy choice function verifies Fuzzy Arrow Axiom if and only if it is (fuzzy) full rational. We also show that t...

The existence of infinitely many weak solutions for a Navier doubly eigenvalue boundary value problem involving the $p(x)$-biharmonic operator is established. In our main result, under an appropriate oscillating behavior of the nonlinearity and suitable assumptions on the variable exponent, a sequence of pairwise distinct solutions is obtained. Furthermore, some applications are pointed out.

Enstrophy, half the integral of the square of vorticity, plays a role in 2D turbulence theory analogous to that played by kinetic energy in the Kolmogorov theory of 3D turbulence. It is therefore interesting to obtain a description of the way enstrophy is dissipated at high Reynolds number. In this article we explore the notions of viscous and transport enstrophy defect, which model the spatial...