this paper shows how game theory can be applied to modeling the interaction between government and manufacturer in implementation of cleaner production. a generic game model based upon ‘two-person non-cooperative’ static game is created to allow various strategic actions being tested by stages, and aid decision making by selecting optimal strategy for both manufacturer and policy maker to reduc...

In recent years, rapid industrialization has driven higher energy demand, depleting fossil-fuel reserves and causing excessive emissions. China’s “dual carbon” strategy aims to balance development sustainability. This study optimizes microgrid efficiency with a tiered carbon-priced economy. A Stackelberg game establishes microgrid-user equilibrium, solved iteratively multi-population algorithm ...

A review of the question of the usefulness of reserving waters for protection from exploitation in the whitebait fishery was undertaken at a small workshop. Creation of reserves has social, fisheries management and conservation imperatives. Administration of reserves has costs for the Department of Conservation. Evaluation of the value of reserves as places where whitebait stocks are protected ...

1. In a seasonal environment, subcutaneous energy reserves of resident animals often increase in winter and decline again in summer reflecting gradual seasonal changes in their fattening strategies. We studied changes in body reserves of wintering great tits in relation to their dominance status under two contrasting temperature regimes to see whether individuals are capable of optimizing their...

In order to avoid both starvation and disease, animals must allocate resources between energy reserves and immune defence. We investigate the optimal allocation. We find that animals with low reserves choose to allocate less to defence than animals with higher reserves because when reserves are low it is more important to increase reserves to reduce the risk of starvation in the future. In gene...

Anthropogenic land-cover change is driving biodiversity loss worldwide. At the epicenter of this crisis lies Southeast Asia, where biodiversity-rich forests are being converted to oil-palm monocultures. As demand for palm oil increases, there is an urgent need to find strategies that maintain biodiversity in plantations. Previous studies found that retaining forest patches within plantations be...

The increasing penetration of renewable energy in recent years has led to more uncertainties in power systems. In order to maintain system reliability and security, electricity market operators need to keep certain reserves in the SecurityConstrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) problems. A new concept, deliverable generation ramping reserve, is proposed in this paper. The prices of generation ramp...

To understand animals’ tactics for surviving the winter season, we need to know how they manage their energy reserves. Fat reserves in small birds in winter generally increase with starvation risk. Studies have documented higher fat reserves in response to various sources of variability in energy intake or expenditure. Using three woodland species, Carolina Chickadee (Poecile carolinensis), Tuf...

Marine reserves have become widely used in biodiversity conservation and are increasingly proposed as fisheries management tools. Previous modeling studies have found that reserves may increase or decrease yields, depending on local environmental conditions and on the specific life-history traits of the fishery species. Sex-changing (female-to-male) fish are targets of some of the most importan...

Pongola Game Reserve in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa is a small (12,959 ha private land and 1,943 ha state land) fenced reserve with a large elephant population (79 individuals). Landowners are increasingly concerned about elephant impact on vegetation in the reserve and thus steps must be made to ensure the sustainable management of this elephant population. In 2008 Disney Corporation funded va...