Seven pure-culture strains of fungi cultivated by attine ants (ant-garden fungi) were isolated from locally maintained leaf-cutting ant colonies. An ant-garden fungus strain obtained from an Atta cephalotes colony, when offered to ants of the colony from which the fungus was isolated, was accepted as their own. Young fungus cultures were harvested and incorporated into the fungus garden, and cu...

Abstract Rain gardens have been recognized as an effective device for on-site runoff volume reduction and storm water quality enhancement. A rain garden is designed as an infiltration basin with a shallow, wide water storage volume. The sub-base underneath the basin bottom is structured as a two-layered filtering medium. The upper sand layer provides the required filtering process and then the ...

The traditional Chinese garden contains many types of tings, corridors, walls, etc. For artists, it is tedious work to model these kinds of featured Chinese architecture due to the strict and complex construction rules. We propose an interactive and procedural tool to modeling featured Chinese architectures that appear in the Chinese garden. Based on the previous research about modeling basic s...

In common garden experiments, a number of genotypes are raised in a common environment in order to quantify the genetic component of phenotypic variation. Common gardens are thus ideally suited for disentangling how genetic and environmental factors contribute to the success of invasive species in their new non-native range. Although common garden experiments are increasingly employed in the st...

Mental images constructed after visual examination of a spatial configuration or after processing a verbal description of that configuration have been shown to share similar properties, in particular the capacity to preserve metric information contained in the configuration represented. In the present study, we investigated the properties of mental images constructed under learning conditions r...

Abiotic global change drivers affect ecosystem structure and function, but how they interact with biotic factors such as invasive plants is understudied. Such interactions may be additive, synergistic, or offsetting, and difficult to predict. We present methods to test the individual and interactive effects of drought and plant invasion on native ecosystems. We coupled a factorial common garden...

The present study was intend to track down the transitional process in which the hierarchical dominance in the urban structure of Namwon City shifted from the Namwoneupseong Walled Town to the area of Gwanghalluwon Garden by using cadastral data and various historical sources. It was aimed to find the factors regarding the transition and a sustainable development plan to the historical landscap...

Home gardens are important for enhancing food and nutritional security for HIV/AIDS-afflicted rural households through dietary diversity. Female-headed households may depend on home gardens more than average households to supply and supplement the household’s diet when labour is constrained for field cropping. This paper compares household characteristics, dietary diversity, labour allocated to...