the performance of a forced-liquid vertical tubular loop bioreactor (vtlb), a forced-liquid horizontal tubular loop bioreactor (htlb) and a gas-induced external airlift loop bioreactor (ealb) were compared for production of biomass from natural gas. hydrodynamic characteristics and mass transfer coefficients were determined as functions of design parameters, physical properties of gases as well...

objective: evidence shows that the powder/liquid mixing ratio recommended by the manufacturers is often not respected when mixing the glass ionomer (gi) powder and liquid, yielding a gi cement with disproportionate powder/liquid ratio. considering the confirmed effect of powder/liquid ratio on the gi properties, and more importantly, its fluoride release potential, this study aimed to assess th...

Previous studies have been conducted by employing various methods to reduce the condenser water temperature, a crucial control variable consider when attempting improve operational efficiency of chiller. The existing literature dealing with effects low-condenser temperatures is limited, as cooling flow rate often considered operating loop. However, produce additional low temperatures, approach ...

in this paper, the present state of knowledge about axial mixing in gasliquid reactors is reviewed. a brief outline of the methods for measuring residence time distribution(rtd)of various phases in a multiphase reactor is presented. this is followed by a short description of differential and stage-wise models for characterizing back mixing from rtd measurments. backmixing characteristics of som...

INTRODUCTION The conversion of synthesis gas to methanol is practiced commercially in gas phase fixed bed reactors over a Cu/Zn/Al,O1 catalyst. However, because of the highly exothermic nature of the synthesis reactions, heat dissipation has been a bottleneck in the reactor design and process configuration. Moreover, coalderived synthesis gas, having a low H,/CO ratio, is not suitable for use i...