In the intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculus (SC), a well-established oculomotor structure, a substantial population of cells is involved in the control of arm movements. To examine the reference frame of these neurons, we recorded in two rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) the discharges of 331 neurons in the SC and the underlying mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) while mon...

Research has demonstrated that value-based decisions depend on not only the relative value difference between options, but also their overall value. In particular, response times tend to decrease as (summed) of options increase. Standard sequential sampling models such diffusion model can account for this fact by assuming decision thresholds or noise vary with Alternatively, gaze-based incorpor...

We investigated the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) during high-acceleration, yaw-axis, head rotations in 12 normals and 15 patients with vestibular loss (7 unilateral (UVD) and 8 bilateral (BVD)). We analyzed gaze stabilization within a 200ms window after head rotation began, using phase planes, which allowed simultaneous analysis of gaze velocity and gaze position. These 'gaze planes' revealed ...

Gaze direction provides an important and ubiquitous communication channel in daily behavior and social interaction of humans and some animals. While several studies have addressed gaze direction in synthesized simple scenes, few have examined how it can bias observer attention and how it might interact with early saliency during free viewing of natural and realistic scenes. Experiment 1 used a ...

Eye gaze is a powerful cue for orienting attention in space. Studies examining whether gaze and symbolic cues recruit the same neural mechanisms have found mixed results. We tested whether there is a specialized attentional mechanism for social cues. We separately measured BOLD activity during orienting and reorienting attention following predictive gaze and symbolic cues. Results showed that g...

Digital phenotyping is a rapidly growing research field promising to transform how psychiatry measures, classifies, predicts, and explains human behavior. This article advances the social-scientific examination of digital phenotyping's epistemology knowledge claims. Drawing on notion “neuromolecular gaze” in since 1960s, it suggests that concerns new psychiatric gaze—the “digital gaze.” Rather ...

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated brain activity evoked by mutual and averted gaze in a compelling and commonly experienced social encounter. Through virtual-reality goggles, subjects viewed a man who walked toward them and shifted his neutral gaze either toward (mutual gaze) or away (averted gaze) from them. Robust activity was evoked in the superior temporal ...

While many interfaces for gaze writing (text entry by eye gaze) are available today, these interfaces are just a replacement of a keyboard. For more efficient gaze writing, this paper proposes a novel gaze writing system which has two kinds of gaze writing interfaces: (1) an interface for text entry and (2) an interface for text copy and paste. The interface for text entry was selected from con...

Behavioral studies demonstrate the influence of speaker gaze in visually-situated spoken language comprehension. We present an ERP experiment examining the influence of speaker’s gaze congruency on listeners’ comprehension of referential expressions related to a shared visual scene. We demonstrate that listeners exploit speakers’ gaze toward objects in order to form sentence continuation expect...