BACKGROUND Active efflux is a common mechanism of resistance to fluoroquinolones in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Two efflux systems have been described so far in this species: PmrA, a member of the major facilitator superfamily; and the two ABC transporters PatA and PatB. We studied the inducibility of expression of pmrA, patA and patB by using subinhibitory concentrations of fluoroquinolones. M...

OBJECTIVE The present survey was conducted to investigate the price and availability of a basket of 24 essential antibiotics and eight high-end antibiotics at various levels of health care in public and private sector in National Capital Territory of Delhi, India using standardized WHO/HAI methodology. METHODS DATA ON PROCUREMENT PRICE AND AVAILABILITY WAS COLLECTED FROM THREE PUBLIC HEALTHCA...

In this paper, novel green HPLC and HPTLC chromatographic methods were developed for the concurrent determination of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, gemifloxacin in bulk pharmaceutical products. The method was used on Thermo C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm). By mixing ethanol 20 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (pH 5) a ratio 25:75, v/v, mobile phase created using isocratic elution. flow rate 1 mLm...

Antibacterial fluoroquinolones trap a cleavage complex of gyrase and topoisomerase (topo) IV inducing site-specific DNA breakage within a bent DNA gate engaged in DNA transport. Despite its importance for drug action and in revealing potential sites of topoisomerase catalysis, the mechanism of DNA selectivity is poorly understood. To explore its functional basis, we generated mutant versions of...