▪ Leary’s Rose: a model that divides interpersonal stances in the dimensions of dominance and friendliness. ▪ My proposal: virtual characters use this model to reason OOC to adopt an IC stance that opposes that of the police officer. ▪ Example below: a police officer has a friendly-submissive (cooperative) stance toward a juvenile. ▪ OOC the juvenile adopts an opposing hostile-dominant stance (...

Academic essays entail taking a stance on the truth value of propositions. Epistemic adverbs deal with the speaker's assessment of the truth value of propositions. Employing a corpus-based approach with descriptive statistics and qualitative description, this study explored the use of epistemic stance adverbs in academic essays written by native English speakers and Iranian EFL learners. Follow...