Blackleg disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans, is most devastating disease of canola (Brassica napus, oilseed rape) worldwide. Breeding for genetic resistance widely used tool controlling this and minimizing impact on yield. To date, five genes (Rlm2, LepR3, Rlm4, Rlm7, Rlm9) have been cloned from B. representing alleles two different gene loci, Rlm2-LepR3 Rlm4-7-9. We ...

Molecular biology focuses on genes and their interactions at the transcription, regulation and protein level. Finding genes that cause certain behaviors can make therapeutic interventions more effective. Although biological tools can extract the genes and perform some analyses, without the help of computational methods, deep insight of the genetic function and its effects will not occur. On the...

Retrograde signals from the plastid regulate photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes and are essential to successful chloroplast biogenesis. One model is that a positive haem-related signal promotes photosynthetic gene expression in a pathway that is abolished by the herbicide norflurazon. Far-red light (FR) pretreatment and transfer to white light also results in plastid damage and loss of pho...

A mutually noncomplementing group of phage P22 mutants (L mutants) have been isolated which cannot accomplish a late step necessary for prophage integration. L mutants produce turbid plaques and lead to cell survival on high multiplicity infection, but the infecting phage genomes are incapable of integrating as prophage and are progressively diluted among the segregating cells. L mutants can be...