Background/Aims Recent reports demonstrated that osteoblast-like cells can also exert activities directly associated with the immune system (cytokine synthesis, antigen presentation, phagocytosis and stimulation of T lymphocytes). The present study aimed to analyze the effect of Transforming growth factorb1 (TGFb1), Fibroblast growth factor basic (FGFb), Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-...

The presence of perivascular monocytic in®ltration is a major hallmark of HIV1-associated dementia. Since CC chemokines are chemoattractant cytokines that are able to attract T cells and monocytes/macrophages to sites of in ̄ammation, and since in®ltrating monocytes/macrophages remain in close contact with the brain endothelium, we investigated whether interactions between HIV-1-infected macroph...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to determine the effects of Ethyl acetate fraction from Cudrania tricuspidata (EACT) on the interleukin-1b (IL-1b)-induced proliferation of rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) and production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cyclooxygenase (COX) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by RASFs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The proliferation of RASFs was evaluated...

Itaconate is an immunoregulatory metabolite produced by myeloid cells and plays a key role in the regulation of immune response. Itaconate, on one hand, able to suppress activity succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), thereby making significant contribution metabolic reprogramming cell. On other itaconate can regulate number transcription factors regulators, affecting gene expression. In most experimen...

IL-1 is an inflammatory cytokine that has been widely implicated in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). In Saudi Arabia, limited work has addressed the genetic bases of RA. In this case-control study, association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-1 gene is investigated in a well characterized Saudi cohort. Keeping in view the genetic heterogeneity of Saudi population, blood samples fro...

BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the major source of leukotrienes. Their role in IBD has been demonstrated in humans and animal models, but not in dogs with chronic enteropathies (CCE). HYPOTHESIS COX-2 and 5-LO are upregulated in dogs with CCE. ANIMALS Fifteen healthy control dogs (HCD), 10 ...

Knowing that adenoviral vectors could initiate innate immunity, the ability of E1-deleted recombinant adenovirus (Ad-E1Δ) in induction of B7.1 and IL-2 molecules was studied. Methods: The expression of green fluorescent protein in C1498 cells following transfection of these cells with adenovirus green fluorescent protein vector confirmed the ability of adenovirus vectors in infecting the cells ...

Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen presenting cells for triggering of the immune reaction post transplantation. These cells are centrally involved in the initiation of T cell-dependent immune responses. Objective: To compare the level of DC maturation and function in liver transplant recipients with healthy controls. Methods: In this study, twelve peripheral blood samples we...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown some morphological and volumetric peculiarities in brains of schizophrenic patients. The authors explored the influence of genetic polymorphisms at interleukin-1beta (IL-1B) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) genes on these abnormalities. Hippocampus, lateral ventricles, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex gray matter volumes were m...

Objectives. To investigate the expression of IL-34 in labial salivary glands (LSGs) of patients with primary SS (p-SS) and its role in inducing a pro-inflammatory monocyte phenotype. Methods. LSG biopsies were obtained from 20 patients with p-SS and 10 patients with non-Sjögren’s sicca syndrome (n-SS). The expression of IL-34, IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-17 and IL-23 was assessed by real-time PCR. IL-34 e...