in recent years, the issue of energy consumption modeling techniques in the building sector has been widely considered by researchers and managers. researches indicate that energy consumption in residential sector is one of the main parts of the total consumption. moreover, the urban residence is supposed as a significant consumer of energy in every country and therefore a focus for energy cons...

In this module we present an overview of an electrical power system. The electrical power system is a network of interconnected components which generate electricity by converting different forms of energy, (thermal, hydro, and nuclear are the most common forms of energy converted) to electrical energy; and transmit the electrical energy to load centers to be used by the consumer. The system co...

Isolated carbon nanotubes (CNTs), CNT films and CNT-polymer nanocomposites are a new generation of materials with outstanding mechanical, thermal, electrical and electromagnetic properties. The main objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on the investigations performed in the field of characterizing electrical and electromagnetic properties of isolated CNTs and CNT-reinf...

Abstract—During the recent past, due to the increase of electrical energy demand and governmental resources constraints in creating additional capacity in the generation, transmission, and distribution, privatization, and restructuring in electrical industry have been considered. So, in most of the countries, different parts of electrical industry like generation, transmission, and distribution...

abstract: In the present work, determining the optimal strategy(profit based) of multi virtual power plants (VPPs) as well as the objective of maximizing profit through the multi-level control of VPPs are discussed by the micro-grid utilization center including virtual power plants. VPPs include renewable resources such as wind farms, photovoltaic, and conventional resources such as fuel cell, ...

open local energy requirements, the need for regional energy planning in the process of macro-planning can make significant energy. in this respect, the outer part of the direct effects of energy production and consumption locally effective, less energy planning processes will be huge. in this paper, the issue of continuity of energy supply, long-term access to resources and lower emissions fro...

The achievement of technologically efficient solutions for energy generation, distribution and usage represents a crucial need of modern society, both for environmental and economic reasons. An important role in tackling future energy challenges is played on one hand by the replacement of the electrical energy production from conventional fossil based (coal, natural gas, and oil) sources to ren...

as renewable energy increasingly penetrates into power grid systems, new challenges arise for system operators to keep the systems reliable under uncertain circumstances, while ensuring high utilization of renewable energy. this paper presents unit commitment (uc) which takes into account the volatility of wind power generation. the uc problem is solved with the forecasted intermittent wind pow...

Massive integration of renewable energy sources in electrical power systems of remote islands is a subject of current interest. The increasing cost of fossil fuels, transport costs to isolated sites and environmental concerns constitute a serious drawback to the use of conventional fossil fuel plants. In a weak electrical grid, as it is typical on an island, if a large amount of conventional ge...