The utilization of homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells as a means to generate mice carrying pre-determined modifications of genomic sequences has revolutionized the study of developmental biology. Recognizing the potential efficiencies that can be obtained by high-throughput production at centralized technology centers, a number of large-scale efforts for generating mice with targe...

Pollen grains are the mature male (haploid) gametophyte of higher plants. These tiny organs (10-100 IJ.m in diameter) develop in the anthers (Stanley and Linskens, 1974). When the flower opens the anthers become exposed to the environment and dehydration triggers a mechanism for release of the pollen. In the process, the pollen also dehydrates. Though the pollen of most species can withstand dr...

Research with a variety of genetic stocks has produced many important discoveries in the areas of genetics, virology, immunology, developmental biology, and animal agriculture. (see CRAWFORD 1990, for a review). These include the pioneering studies on Mendelian inheritance and sex determination of BATESON (1902), and BATESON and PUNNETT (1906, 1908). Not surprisingly, given its history of use i...

Iranian bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) is an endangered livestock breed with distribution in northwest of Iran. Microsatellites are a powerful marker for animal genetic and cell line identification and population genetic study. In this study, after producing more than 40 Camelus bactrianus fibroblast cell lines, microsatellites loci from the genome of Iranian Camelus bactrianus cell lines ...

Animal Genetic Resources Management and Property Rights Approximately 2 billion people depend on livestock for at least part, and in some cases most, of their livelihood. The poorest livestock keepers are the ones that most need animals that are tolerant of high temperatures and resistant to diseases and drought. These genetic characteristics are referred to as animal genetic resources (AnGR). ...

The economic theory of property rights is applied to the issue of the conservation of plant genetic diversity, an issue often discussed in terms of benefit sharing, in order to demonstrate that the assignment of property rights is important for reasons of efficiency as well as for equity. Given the existence of transactions costs within an industry, the location of a property rights assignment ...

Plant genetic resources collection and utilization had made a huge impact in balancing the genetic diversity of the existing crop plant species and their application in genome based studies had also increased widely. Primarily studies were based on model species, although it now enhances the transferability of information to crops and related species. With the tremendous outbreak of new high-th...

Cryopreservation is becoming a very important tool for the long-term storage of plant genetic resources and efficient cryopreservation protocols have been developed for a large number of plant species. Practical procedures, developed using in vitro tissue culture, can be a simple and reliable preservation option of potato genetic resources rather than maintaining by vegetative propagation in ge...