The intensification of agriculture has provided cheaper more plentiful food, but has also caused declines in farmland wildlife. The introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops may exacerbate this, or offer new ways of mitigating anthropogenic impacts. The potential consequences of the introduction of GM crops have been studied for over a decade, since commercialization. Although the specifi...

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UNLABELLED The objective of this literature review is to analyze the implications of using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as well as international and European position regarding such organisms. METHOD Review of international and European legal requirements and ethical guidelines and relevant publications, found and accessed with the help of PubMed and Lund University Library databases...

In this paper we examine some of the philosophical issues involved in patenting genetically modified organisms. In particular, what we think has been highly problematic has been the tendency to use terms such as intervention, identification, creation, authorship and artifact interchangeably as criteria for invention. We examine attempts by various people to formulate a philosophically precise s...

In today's society, genetic engineering is an increasingly important issue. Many genetically modified organisms (GMO's) and the products of other GMO's are currently used and consumed by humans, and research is continuously conducted on ways to modify the genetic traits of organisms to better suits human lifestyles. This raises question of whether altering an organisms structure for anthropocen...

A real-time PCR-based analytical method was developed for the event-specific quantification of a genetically modified (GM) soybean event, MON87701. First, a standard plasmid for MON87701 quantification was constructed. The conversion factor (Cf) required to calculate the amount of genetically modified organism (GMO) was experimentally determined for a real-time PCR instrument. The determined Cf...

Mouse models of human cancer are valuable tools for cancer research. Although xenografts and genetically engineered models (GEMs) possess limitations as well as advantages, each system plays a significant role in preclinical testing. Tumor xenografts are easy to use, relatively inexpensive, and reproducible. The main drawback of xenografts is that the genetics and histology of the tumors are fr...

A New Century of GENETICS W hen the great American composer Irving Berlin turned 100, he was near the end of his life. But when the Notre Dame cathedral turned 100—around the beginning of the fourteenth century—it wasn't even completed. And when the Olympics turned 100, it was just at the beginning of its run. A centennial needn't conjure up thoughts of an ending; it can instead evoke excitemen...

Keywords: recombinant DNA crops (plants or organisms), transgenic crops (or plants), genetically modified organisms (GMO), biological containment level (B1 and B2), physical containment level (P1, P2, P3 and P4), experiments using large scale culture