The bovine tuberculosis eradication programmes in many of the industrially developed countries have been amongst the most effective control measures ever mounted against any bacterial disease. In Great Britain, for example, the percentage of cattle infected with the bovine tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium bovis, dropped from around 18% in 1945 to 0.06% in 1965. The impact of such control measur...

Tuberculosis can involve any part of the body. Urogenital tuberculosis is a fairly common extra-pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis and renal tuberculosis is the most common form of urogenital tuberculosis. Renal tuberculosis seldom presents as a mass, usually due to hydronephrosis of the involved kidney. However in extremely rare cases it may present as an inflammatory pseudotumor which ma...

Blastomycosis is an uncommon, chronic, granulomatous disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Blastomycosis dermatitidis. The great majority of infections start with primary pulmonary involvement through inhalation of spores. Hematogenous dissemination to other sites occurs in 25% to 30% of cases. The most common secondary site is the skin, followed in order by bone, genitourinary system, and cen...

Sarcoidosis is a non-caseous granulomatous disease which could involve numerous organs including lungs, eyes, skin, nervous system, heart, liver. However, the genitourinary tract involvement was rarely reported in sarcoidosis. We report the case of a 45-year-old married woman who presented with 2 months history of a vulval mass as large as a soybean, and did not reveal any remarkable pulmonary ...

EXTERNAL GENITALIA The male external genitalia consist of the penis, scrotum, testicles, and ejaculatory complex. The female external genitalia consist of the vagina and vulva; the latter includes the labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris. Injuries to the external genitalia may occur by blunt or penetrating mechanisms or by circulatory compromise induced by constricting devices applied eithe...

BACKGROUND Tuberculous epididymitis is one of the causes of chronic epididymal lesions. It is difficult to diagnose in the absence of renal involvement. AIM To profile isolated tuberculous epididymitis and to assess our approach in the evaluation of this group of patients. SETTING AND DESIGN Retrospective study done at Christian Medical College, Vellore, South India. METHODS AND MATERIALS...