background and purpose: physical activity may be classified as intense, moderate, and low. despite their health-related benefits, iranian women have a low rate of physical activity. women face numerous obstacles and challenges for participating in physical activity programs, most notably are household chores and taking caring of children, long distance between home and workplace and the other p...

Despite the existence of obstacles in many database applications, traditional spatial query processing assumes that points in space are directly reachable and utilizes the Euclidean distance metric. In this paper, we study spatial queries in the presence of obstacles, where the obstructed distance between two points is defined as the length of the shortest path that connects them without crossi...

Pseudoroegneria spicata (Poaceae: Triticeae) is an abundant, allogamous species widely adapted to the temperate, semiarid steppe and open woodland regions of western North America. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), model-based Bayesian clustering, and other methods of hypothesis testing were used to investigate genetic diversity and population structure among 565 P. spicata plants ...

Identifying factors that promote population differentiation is of interest for understanding the early stages of speciation. Gene flow among populations inhabiting different environments can be reduced by geographical distance (isolation-by-distance) or by divergent selection resulting from local adaptation (isolation-by-ecology). Few studies have investigated the influence of these factors in ...

the effectiveness of irap, remap, ssr, and issr markers were investigated to assess genetic diversity among and within eight medicago sativa l. populations. a total of 101, 119, 117 loci and 31 alleles were amplified using 10 irap, 14 remap, 16 issr and eight ssr primers, respectively. irap markers generated the maximum proportion of polymorphic loci per primer (pplp) while the maximum value of...

This paper investigates the effect of market entry of new firms on incumbent firms’ innovative activity measured as patent applications. The basic assumption is that the effect of entry varies by geographical distance between entrants and incumbents due to the presence of localized unobserved spillovers. In order to avoid endogeneity problems commonly associated with the timing of entry and ent...

This paper analyses the effect of locally bounded knowledge spillovers on regional differences in growth. A model will be developed that allows spillovers to take place across regions. Certain conditions determine the amount of spillovers a region receives. By use of simulations (with randomised parameter constellations), it is possible to examine the general behaviour of the model. It is found...

This study examines how email is utilized to enact maintenance behaviors in interpersonal relationships and explores whether geographic distance between individuals affects this process. Two hundred twenty-six college students accumulated personal email messages over a one-week period. These emails were coded using Canary and Stafford’s (1994) maintenance strategy topology. Results indicate tha...

Our recent paper [Grauwin et al. Sci. Rep. 7 (2017)] demonstrates that community and hierarchical structure of the networks of human interactions largely determines the least and should be taken into account while modeling them. In the present proof-of-concept pre-print the opposite question is considered: could the hierarchical structure itself be inferred to be best aligned with the network m...

The author order of multi-authored papers can reveal subtle patterns of scientific collaboration and provide insights on the nature of credit assignment among coauthors. This article proposes a sequencebased perspective on scientific collaboration. Using frequently occurring sequences as the unit of analysis, this study explores (1) what types of sequence patterns are most common in the scienti...