In the eld of geography, we have beenexamining the contribution of the morpho-genetic rep-resentation to the comprehension of the cycle: reality,representation, model, reality. A distinction is madebetween map and geomap based on the notion of locus-object. 1. Foundations and limits of cartographic rep-

We analyzed the influence of large rivers on the phylogeography of endemic widespread amphibians along Madagascar's east coast, using as models various species and species complexes of Malagasy reed frogs (Heterixalus spp.) that are specialized to either highland or lowland habitats. We assembled a dense sampling across the full species ranges and used mitochondrial (cob) as well as nuclear (Ra...

Nowadays, more and more spatial databases are used in various fields, so the demands for keeping spatial database “fresh” are growing rapidly. Generally, the end-users get the basic spatial data from professional spatial data producers. There are mainly two kinds of way for transfer the changed data. One is to batch transfer; the other is incremental data transfer. With the batch method, the wh...

The ephemeral nature of deep-sea hydrothermal vents is expected to favor species with good colonization abilities, high dispersal rates, and rapid individual growth rates. Studies of gene flow in vent-endemic species provide glimpses into modes and patterns of dispersal. For some species, gene flow occurs without geographical bias (i.e., island model); their dispersal capabilities probably exce...

This work describes a methodology and a software tool-kit (SimEnerg) for the design of autonomous electricity systems. A criterion for comparing autonomous against grid connected systems is given, based on the annual energy deficit of the system with a given confidence. As an example, a map for choose the best technology with given power demand and the geographical position in Uruguay is shown....

1. Introduction Intermodalism has been increasing both in the world and Turkey due to the demand and supply side developments in transport industry. Turkey has great potential in terms of intermodal transportation owing to its privileged geographical position amid European, Central Asia and Middle Eastern countries. The trend in development patterns in the Mediterrenean, the Black Sea, The CIS ...

Location-based services for users on the move provide a convenient means of filtering information based on current geographical position. However users also often want to retrieve or capture information associated with past or future locations. We show how new technologies for interactive paper can be used to augment conventional paper maps with location-based services using a combination of us...

This paper explores a model for the operation of an ad hoc mobile network. The model incorporates incentives for users to act as transit nodes on multi-hop paths and to be rewarded with their own ability to send traffic. The paper explores consequences of the model by means of fluid-level simulations of a network and illustrates the way in which network resources are allocated to users accordin...