1. INTRODUCTION A phenomenon is defined as any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning, and thus is an observable event, especially something special or unusual. Many geophysical phenomena can be observed and monitored using space-based and ground-based sensors or simulated in numerical models. Research studies on geophysical phenomena rely on the data co...

One of the main objectives of geophysical seismic analysis is to determine the Earth’s structure. Usually, to determine this structure, geophysicists supplement the measurement results with additional geophysical assumptions. An important question is: when is it possible to reconstruct the Earth’s structure uniquely based on the measurement results only, without the need to use any additional a...

The IGEAN (Innovative Geophysical Approaches for the study of Early Agricultural villages of Neolithic) Thessaly project focused on Early and Neolithic settlements in Thessaly, Central Greece. The aim of the project was to highlight in an extensive way differences in settlement layouts while investigating commonalities as a way to understand Neolithic use of space. To accomplish this, a suite o...

A discussion of methodologies for nonlinear geophysical inverse problems is presented. Geophysical inverse problems are often posed as optimization problems in a finitedimensional parameter space. An Earth model is usually described by a set of parameters representing one or more geophysical properties (e.g. the speed with which seismic waves travel through the Earth’s interior). Earth models a...

Principally a new approach to detection of anomalies in geophysical records is connected with a fuzzy mathematics application. The theory of discrete mathematical analysis and collection of algorithms for time series processing constructed on its basis represent results of this research direction. These algorithms are the consequence of fuzzy modeling of logic of an interpreter who visually rec...

Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (GFD) came of age in the 1950s and 1960s, with the mathematically inspired work of Charney, Lorenz, Stommel, Veronis and von Neumann, among others. In the last twenty years or so, mathematical, statistical and numerical developments for the Navier-Stokes equations and basic geophysical fluid dynamics models are stimulating a deepening and broadening of its central con...

The primary science instrument of the CloudSat Mission is the Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR). The CPR is a W-band (94 GHz) nadir looking radar (e.g. Tanelli, 2008) with the purpose of measuring backscattered power from hydrometeors (clouds and precipitation). Although the CPR contains an internal calibration system, external calibration using geophysical sources with known normalized radar cross-s...

It has been customary in the last few decades to employ stochastic models to represent complex data sets encountered in geophysics, particularly in hydrology. This article reviews a deterministic geometric procedure to data modeling, one that represents whole data sets as derived distributions of simple multifractal measures via fractal functions. It is shown how such a procedure may lead to fa...

The Russian World Data Center for Solar-Terrestrial Physics and the World Data Center for Solid Earth Physics have been collecting, analyzing, archiving, and disseminating data and information on a wide range of geophysical disciplines since the International Geophysical Year 1957-1958. The centers provide free and convenient access for users to their large and permanently increasing volumes of...

Due to the non-uniqueness of the inverse problem, the interpretation of geophysical models in terms of geological units is not always straightforward. It is common to use a combination of different geophysical methods to obtain the distribution of independent physical properties over the area of interest in order to discriminate between the different lithologies or geologic units. This kind of ...