The phenomenon of system catastrophe often occurs in a system with a network structure. A system’s resources can be utilized in two different modes: efficiently or inefficiently. When actions with inefficient mode pose no threat to other users or, in other words, when they employ resources that would otherwise be idle, they do not waste the system's resources at all. But when critical levels of...

Abstract. We discuss the structure of decoherence-free subsystems for a bosonic channel affected by collective depolarization. A single use of the channel is defined as a transmission of a pair of bosonic modes. Collective depolarization consists in a random linear U(2) transformation of the respective mode operators, which is assumed to be identical for N consecutive uses of the channel. We de...

Demand for reducing mental health impacts from flooding through collective flood defence is elicited using a contingent valuation method with sequential hypothetical scenario, which accounts human resilience and experience. A two-step model fits the survey data: it combines binary sample selection rule to distinguish protesters participants Tobit accommodate true zero responses among participan...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether joints affected by gout are also affected by osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS A postal questionnaire was sent to all adults aged over 30 years registered with two general practices. The questionnaire assessed a history of gout (doctor diagnosed, or episodes suggestive of acute crystal synovitis) and medication use. Patients who possibly had gout attended for clinic...