Abstract Scientific investigation in the cultural heritage field is generally aimed at characterization of constituent materials and conservation status artworks. Since 1990s, reflectance spectral imaging proved able to map pigments, reveal hidden details evaluate presence restorations paintings. Over past two decades, hyperspectral has further improved our understanding paints its changes time...

The author contends that sex differentials in childhood mortality in Pakistan are a likely outcome of son preference behavior by parents. Consideration is given to the historical improvement in the female disadvantage in mortality, the neglect of female children, gender and class factors, and son preference and high fertility. Data are from the 1981 Pakistan census and other official surveys....

The combination of the COVID-19 pandemic and racial reckoning in United States make 2021 a potent moment to reimagine American education. This article introduces an ongoing Kappan series which scholars look ahead imagine what K-12 education will like 25 years. Na’ilah Nasir, Megan Bang, Hirokazu Yoshikawa discuss some factors that have created environment ripe for transformation their ideas fut...

Our research explores online social networking sites to describe the patterns of participation and knowledge sharing in these spaces. We examine how knowledge is shared and how participation is potentially shaped by social or material resources of the space. Our presentation will focus on data gathered from two different types of social networking sites. Theoretical Background Educational resea...

comparing the islamic logic and jurisprudential principles, and basedon the separation between minor and major authorities (hujjiyyatsughrawi wa kubrawi), it can be proved that (1) minor authority ofsuitable verbal text per nexum (al-mantuq al-muwafiq al-iltizami),minor authority of suitable concept per nexum (al-mafhum al-muwafiqal-iltizami), and minor authority of contrary concept (al-mafhum ...

IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE [146] NOVEMBER 2007 T his IEEE Signal Processing Magazine (SPM) forum discuses signal processing applications, technologies, requirements, and standardization of biometric systems. The forum members bring their expert insights into issues such as biometric security, privacy, and multibiometric and fusion techniques. The invited forum members are Prof. Anil K. Jai...