The total rate of rock deformation results from competing deformation processes, including ductile and brittle mechanisms. Particular deformation styles arise from the dominance of certain mechanisms over others at different ambient conditions. Surprisingly, rates of deformation in naturally deformed rocks are found to cluster around two extremes, representing coseismic slip rates or viscous cr...

Abrupt climate transitions, known as Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich events, occurred frequently during the last glacial period, specifically from 80-11 thousand years before present, but were nearly absent during interglacial periods and the early stages of glacial periods, when major ice-sheets were still forming. Here we show, with a fully coupled state-of-the-art climate model, that closing...

Different reconstructions of glacial sea-surface temperatures (SST) are used to force a hybrid coupled atmosphere–ocean model. The resulting glacial states differ in global salinity and temperature distributions, and consequently in the strength of the thermohaline circulation. Stability analysis of the Atlantic Ocean circulation, by means of freshwater-flux hysteresis maps, reveals mono-stabil...

The Gulf of Bothnia is a shallow, elongate basin dividing Sweden and Finland, and is located in the centre of the terrain formerly occupied by the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet (FIS). It is considered to have hosted a variety of different glaci-dynamic environments during the evolution of the FIS, but direct glacial geological or geomorphological evidence from the Gulf itself is almost entirely lacki...

0019-1035/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Inc. A doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.07.018 ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (J.L. Fasto (J.W. Head). A fretted valley system on Mars located at the northern mid-latitude dichotomy boundary contains lineated valley fill (LVF) with extensive flow-like features interpreted to be glacial in origin. We have modeled this deposit using...

[1] Vertical crustal motions at 15 sites along the northern Pacific-North America plate boundary are determined using relative sea level changes from tide gauge records. Our analysis is based on monthly mean sea levels, from which barometric pressure and seasonal effects are removed. The records are corrected for common-mode oceanographic variations. These records are statistically examined for...

Two high-resolution oxygen isotope records of speleothems from caves located in subtropical Brazil provide a broad view of regional climate variations and related forcing during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. Here, we present a new record precisely dated by U-series extending back to 131 kyr BP from a speleothem collected in Santana Cave. Comparison with the 116 kyr BP record from Botuverá ...

[1] The large glacial earthquakes reported on by Ekström et al. (2003, 2006) and Tsai and Ekström (2007) have previously been evaluated in terms of their seismic characteristics. In this paper we attempt to take constraints such as known glacial ice properties, outlet glacier size, calving style, and meltwater variability to construct a self-consistent physical model of the glacial earthquake p...

Manasi River basin is located in the north foot of Tianshan Mountain, south edge of Zhunger Basin, central-north Xinjiang province, with typical arid features of northern China. As the pressure on water resources in Manasi river basin is mounting because of rapid economic development, its conservation becomes ever more important. Climate change is another major threat to the future of water res...

Variations in the eccentricity (100,000 yr), obliquity (41,000 yr) and precession (23,000 yr) of Earth’s orbit have been linked to glacial–interglacial climate cycles. It is generally thought that the 100,000-yr glacial cycles of the past 800,000 yr are a result of orbital eccentricity1–4. However, the eccentricity cycle produces negligible 100-kyr power in seasonal or mean annual insolation, a...