A description is given of the UK primary standard graphite calorimeter system. The calorimeter measures absorbed dose to graphite for photon radiations from 60Co to 19 MV x-rays, and is the basis of the NPL therapy-level absorbed dose to water calibration service. Absorbed dose to graphite from the photon calorimeter has been compared with three other standards: an ionization chamber and cavity...

Breast cancer is one of the most frequent diseases in women, with a high incidence rate. The best fight against the breast cancer is the early detection by means of mammograms in a screening programme. The Valencian Breast Cancer Screening Programme (VBCSP) started at 1992, and it is composed of twenty-two mammography units. The programme is targeted towards asymptomatic women from 45 to 69 yea...

The IAEA Code of Practice for Absorbed Dose Determination in Photon and Electron Beams TRS 277 gives recommendations for the absorbed dose determination in high energy photon and electron beams based on the use of ionization chambers calibrated in terms of air kerma. It was the task of the present work to test the validity of the Code for *°Co gamma radiation for ton different types of ionizati...

The nationwide breast cancer screening programme using mammography has been in full operation in the Netherlands since 1997. Quality control of the screening programme has been assigned to the National Expert and Training Centre for Breast Cancer Screening. Limits are set to the mean glandular dose and the centre monitors these for all facilities engaged in the screening programme. This procedu...

BACKGROUND To date, the estimated radiation-absorbed dose to organs and tissues in patients undergoing diagnostic examinations in nuclear medicine is derived via calculations based on models of the human body and the biokinetic behaviour of the radiopharmaceutical. An internal dosimetry computer program, IDAC-Dose2.1, was developed based on the International Commission on Radiological Protectio...

Purpose: Many theoretical models have been designed to predict exposure levels and absorbed doses under various exposure conditions. The aim of this report, however, is to obtain, through a practical method, a quantitative measure of the absorbed doses in patients undergoing routine X-ray examinations to various anatomical sites. Materials and Methods: Anatomical phantoms simulating patients’ e...

background: sentinel node biopsy (slnb) is the standard of care for breast cancer treatment and it is getting wide acceptance in iran. the radiation safety of the procedure has been investigated under controlled conditions, but the standard dose of radiotracer and techniques are not always observed in the community setting. the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of the absorbed doses...