As a first step to deriving effective dynamics and ray optics, we prove that the perturbed periodic Maxwell operator in d = 3 can be seen as a pseudodifferential operator. This necessitates a better understanding of the periodic Maxwell operator M0. In particular, we characterize the behavior of M0 and the physical initial states at small crystal momenta k and small frequencies. Among other thi...

the license plate edge detection is the most important step of the process of plate identification. plate recognition system is an automated system that captures vehicle location, vehicle license plate accurately on various vehicles at different times of day and night sets. in this paper the issue of searching the exact location of the license plate from the input images using sobel operator fo...

A bstract We study upper bounds on the growth of operator entropy S K in growth. Using uncertainty relation, we first prove a dispersion bound rate |∂ t | ≤ 2 b 1 ∆ , where is Lanczos coefficient and variance . However, for irreversible process, this generally turns out to be too loose at long times. further find tighter time limit using universal logarithmic relation between Krylov complexity ...

Laplacian and D’Alembertian operators on functions are very important tools for several branches of Mathematics and Physics. In addition to their relevance, both operators are very used in vector calculus. In this paper, we show a relationship between the Laplacian and the D’Alembertian operators, not only on functions but also on vector fields defined on hypersurfaces in the m-dimensional Lore...