objective: common variable immunodeficiency (cvid) is one of the most frequent cases of primary immunodeficiency. it is likely that this heterogeneous disease is caused by several distinct genetic disorders. the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (aid) enzyme is involved in class switching, somatic hypermutation (shm) and processes associated with gene conversion in the germinal center. in o...

background and objectives: current chemotherapies of cutaneous leihmaniasis have faced to some problems and limitations; development of new leishmanicidal drugs from different sources like herbal plants, are crucially important. the objective of the present study was evaluation of in vitro activity of alkanna frigida extracts in comparison with glucantime against leishmania major . materials an...

background: successful therapy of leishmaniasis depends on effective cellular immune response. we evaluated the effectiveness of sodium selenite and zinc sulphate as known immunomodulator materials, in combination with glucantime® in treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions resulting from leishmania ma­jor in susceptible animal model. methods: thirty three female mice weighing 18-20 g at th...

unresponsiveness to hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) has been shown to be associated with dysfunction of the presenting cells (apc) and defect in the specific b-lymphocyte and/or t-lymphocyte repertoires.   direct determination of the frequency of specific t-lymphocytes together with complementary analysis of the naive circulating immune cells could provide valuable information about the cel...

Good drug trials in leishmaniasis with carefully controlled groups are rare. Recently Ballou et al1 were able to establish that 20mg Sbv/kg body wt for 20 days was more efficacious in closing leishmanial ulcers due to Leishmania braziliensis panamensis than lOmg Sb¥/kg/body wt for a similar period. Conditions for this trial were much more favourable than those where we work namely field clinics...

The antileishmanial efficacy of the reference drug N-methylglucamine antimoniate (Glucantime) was evaluated in groups of rhesus monkeys with acute and chronic Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis cutaneous infection. The therapeutic responses in experimental animals to either a low dose (5 mg/kg body wt/day for 28 days) or a routine dose (20 mg/kg/day for 28 days) of pentavalent antimony were simi...